Shkolnik (also Shkolnick or Schkolnick) is an Ashkenazi Jewish surname originating in Russian Empire () and literally meaning "school student" in Russian. Notable people with the surname include:

Iosif Shkolnik (1883–1926), Russian painter Leonid Shkolnick (born 1945), Ukrainian scientist and engineer Levi Yitzhak Shkolnik, birth name of Levi Eshkol (1895–1969), prime minister of Israel Mariya Shkolnik (1882–1955), Russian Communist activist Meyer Robert Schkolnick, birth name of Robert K. Merton (1910–2003), American sociologist Vladimir Shkolnik (born 1949), Kazakh politician

See also