The following is a list of people holding the title of princess throughout the history of China by dynasty.
Shang dynasty (商朝; c. 1600–1046/c. 1570—1045 BCE) + Princesses of the Shang dynasty Name LifeParents Spouse(s)/Children NotesRefMotherFatherUnknown??? - ???Fu HaoWu Ding UnknownShe was the full sister of Zu Ji.Unknown???-???UnknownXiao Chen Tuo (小臣妥)???- 1100s BCEFu TuoUnknownShe was a minister
Zhou dynasty (1046–256 BCE) + Princesses of the Zhou dynasty Name LifeParents Spouse(s)Children NotesRefMotherFatherDaji (大姬)???-???UnknownKing Wu of ZhouDuke Hu of Chen Duke Shen of Chen Chen XianggongShe was the eldest daughter of King Wu of ZhouVolume 81: Biography of Kuang, Zhang, Kong, and Ma, No. 51
Qin dynasty (秦朝; 221–207 BCE)
Han Dynasty (202 BCE–220 CE) + Princesses of Western Han Dynasty Name LifeParents Spouse(s)Children NotesRefMotherFatherPrincess Yuan of Lu (魯元公主)c.217 BC - May 187 BCEmpress LüEmperor Gaozu Zhang Ao Empress Xiaohui Zhang Yan, Marquis of NangongShe was the mother-in-law of Emperor Hui through her daughter's marriage. Piao,Eldest Princess Guantao(館陶長公主) 189 - 116 BCEEmpress XiaowenEmperor Wen Chen Wu Marquis Tangyi Two sons Empress ChenShe was the mother-in-law of Emperor Wu through her daughter's marriage.Princess Changping (昌平公主)???-???UnknownZhou ShengzhiUnknownRecords of the Grand Historian refers to her only as “the princess,” while the Yuan dynasty's Comprehensive Examination of Literature identifies her as Princess Changping.Records of the Grand Historian, Volume 57: The Hereditary House of Marquis of Jiang, Zhou Bo (Biographies No. 27)" Wenxian Tongkao ·Volume 258·Emperor's Genealogy Examination 9"Princess Pingyang (平陽公主)2nd century BC - After 111 BCEmpress Xiaojing Emperor Jing Cao Shi, Marquess of Pingyang Xiahou Po, Marquess of Ruyin Wei Qing, Marquess Lie of ChangpingCao XiangAlthough her formal title was Grand Princess Yangxin (陽信長公主), she came to be commonly known as Princess Pingyang following the enfeoffment of her first husband, Cao Shi as Marquess of Pingyang. Princess Nangong (南宮公主)???-??? Zhang Zuo, Marquis Nangong Zhang Hou YeshenUnknownShe divorced her second husband due to him disrespecting her. Princess Longlü (隆慮公主)???-??? Chen Jiao, Marquis Longlü Zhaoping JunEmperor Wu of Han executed Zhao Ping jun. Grand Princess Wei (衛長公主)138 BC - ???Empress XiaowusiEmperor Wu Cao Xiang, Marquis of Pingyang Luan Da, Marquis of Letong Cao ZongShe was also known as Princess DangliPrincess Zhuyi (諸邑公主)???- 91 BCUnknownUnknownShe was executed for witchcraft.Princess Shiyi (石邑公主)???-???UnknownUnknownPrincesses Shiyi maybe the same as Princess Yangshi but it is uncertain.Princess Eyi (鄂邑公主)???-80 BCEUnknownUnknownWen XinUpon the accession of her younger brother, Emperor Zhao, at the age of eight, she took custody of the imperial seals and was granted the title of Grand Princess.Princess Yi'an (夷安公主)???-???UnknownZhaoping JunUnknownShe married her aunt Princess Longlü 's son, Zhaoping Jun.Princess Yangshi (阳石公主)???- 91 BCUnknownUnknownUnknownShe was executed for wicthcraft.Liu Shi ,Princess Guantao (館陶公主)71 BC-???Jieyu, of the Hua clanEmperor Xuan Yu Yong, Marquis XipingUnknownShe was the adopted daughter of Huo Chengjun.Volume 71: The Biography of Xue Pingpeng, Chapter 41Princess Jingwu (敬武公主)???-3UnknownEmperor Xuan Zhang Lin, Marquis Fuping Zhao Qin, Marquis Linping Xue Xuan, Marquis Gaoyang Zhang FangPrincess Jingwu was poisoned by Wang Mang.Princess Pingdu (平都公主)???-??? Consort FuEmperor Yuan UnknownUnknownShe was the aunt of Emperor Ai of Han.Princess Pingyang (平陽公主)???-???UnknownUnknownPrincess Yingyi (潁邑公主)???-???UnknownDu Ye (杜業)None + Princesses Of Xin Dynasty Name LifeParents Spouse(s)Children NotesRefMotherFatherEmpress Xiaoping (孝平王皇后)9 BC - 23 AD Empress WangWang MangEmperor Ping of HanNoneShe committed suicide by immolation. Wang Ye (王晔) Mu Xiuren (睦脩任) ?-?ZengzhiUnknownUnknownVolume 99, Biography of Wang Mang, Part 69Wang Jie (王捷) Muzu Ren (睦逮任)?-?KaimingUnknownUnKnown + Princesses Of Eastern Han Dynasty Name LifeParents Spouse(s)Children NotesRefMotherFatherLiu Huang (刘黄) Princess Huyang (湖阳公主)???-???Fan Xiandu (樊嫻都)Liu QinUnknownUnknownLiu Yuan (劉元) Princess Xinye (新野公主)???-22 CEFan Xiandu (樊嫺都)Deng Chen1 Son 3 Daughters
Tang Dynasty (618–907 CE) + Princesses Of Tang Dynasty Name LifeParents Spouse(s)Children NotesRefMotherFather Princess Si of Anding (安定思公主) 654 - 654NoneNoneShe is the elder daughter of Wu zetain and suspected to be murdered either by Empress Wang or Wu ZetianPrincess Taiping (太平公主)After 662 - 2 August 713Wu ZetianEmperor Gaozong of Tang Xue Shao Wu Youji, Prince Zhongjian of Ding Xue Chongxun Xue Chongjian Lady Wanquan Wu Chongmin Wu Chongxing Lady Wu Lady Yonghe (possibly)She was prominent political figure during Wu Zetian's Zhou dynasty and the Tang dynasty during the reigns of Emperor Zhongzong and Emperor Ruizong,especially during Emperor Ruizong's second reign, when for three years until her death, she was the real power behind the throne.
Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms (907–960 CE) +Name/TitleBirthdateMotherFatherSpouse(s)ChildrenDeath dateRefEmpress Li Lady Cao Li Siyuan Shi JingtangOctober 7, 950Liu Hua 896 Liu YinMay 31, 930
Song Dynasty (960–1279 CE) +Name/TitleBirthdateMotherFatherSpouse(s)ChildrenDeath dateRefPrincess Xiansu Empress XiaohuiEmperor Taizu of SongWang Chengyan1008Princess XianjingShi Baoji 1009Princess Xianhui Wei Xianxin999Princess Anhui Princess XianhuiPrincess Xuanhui
Liao Dynasty (907–1125 CE) +Name/TitleBirthdateMotherFatherSpouse(s)ChildrenDeath dateRef.Yelü Zhigu Empress ChunqinAbaojiXiao Shilu 911Lübugu,Princess of YanXiao Siwen Empress Ruizhi 2 daughtersYelü ChaoguiXiao HailuoXiao Tuyu951Yelu AbuliEmpress Dowager Xiao (Shizong)Xiao Han949
Western Xia (1038–1227 CE)
+Name/TitleBirthdateMotherFatherSpouse(s)ChildrenDeath datePrincess Li Emperor Jingzong
Jin Dynasty (1115–1234 CE)
+Name/TitleBirthdateMotherFatherSpouse(s)ChildrenDeath datePrincess of BiEmperor TaizuWugulun Elun (烏古論訛論)one sonPrincess WanyanEmperor TaizuPucha Shijianu (蒲察石家奴
Yuan Dynasty (1271–1368 CE)
+Name/TitleBirthdateMotherFatherSpouse(s)ChildrenDeath dateYuelie, Grand Princess of ZhaoEmpress Zhaorui ShunshengKublai KhanAy Buqa, Prince of Zhaofour sonsPrincess Ulujin, Grand Princess of Chang StateEmpress Zhaorui ShunshengKublai KhanBuqa from the Ikires claChalun, Grand Princess of Chang StateEmpress Zhaorui ShunshengKublai KhanTeliqian from the Ikires clanÖljei, Grand Princess of LuEmpress Zhaorui ShunshengKublai KhanUlujin Küregen of the Bosquur clan of KhongiradA daughterNangiajin, Grand Princess of LuEmpress Zhaorui ShunshengKublai KhanUlujin Küregen from the Khongirad clanQutugh Kelmysh, Queen Jangmok of GoryeoEmpress Zhaorui ShunshengKublai KhanWang Ko, Chungnyeol of Goryeotwo sons and one daughterPrincess ChangTemür KhanPrincess ZhaoTemür KhanPrincess LuTemür KhanKökelün, Grand Princess of Lü StateAyurbarwada Buyantu KhanDuoluben KüregenPrincess of Zheng StateEmpress Consort Empress Munashiri Toghon TemürBohon Müsütw, Prince Zhendong of WuchengPrincess of Chu StateEmpress Consort Empress MunashiriSeping Chimän Sitü, Prince of Liao (色坪持滿思特 遼王) of the Hongjila clanPrincess of Yan StateEmpress Consort Empress MunashiriPrince Nan of Zhongcheng (南忠成王) of the Hongjila clanPrincess of Wan StateEmpress Consort Empress MunashiriEmpress Consort Empress Munashiri, of the Hongjila clanPrincess of Shu StateEmpress Consort Empress MunashiriBätöng Gemän, Prince of Anping (安平王)
Ming Dynasty (1368–1644 CE) +Name/TitleBirthdateMotherFatherSpouse(s)ChildrenDeath dateZhu Jingjing,Princess Lin'an1360 Noble Consort Chengmu Hongwu EmperorLi Qi (李祺; d. 1402), a son of Li ShanchangTwo Sons17 August 1421Zhu Changning,Princess Ningguo1364 Empress XiaocigaoMei Yin, the nephew of Runan Hou Meisizu two sons (maybe three)7 September 1434Princess ChongningUnknownNiu Cheng (牛城)Princess AnqingEmpress XiaocigaoOuyang Lun (歐陽倫; d. 23 July 1397)Princess RuningConsort NingPrincess Huaiqing1366Noble Consort ChengmuWang Ning, Marquis of Yongchuntwo sons15 July 1425Princess Daming1368Consort Ning30 March 1426Princess Fuqing1370Consort An28 February 1417Princess Shouchun1370UnknownFu Zhong, the son of Fu Youde, Duke of YingZhu Yuhua ,Princess Nankang1373LinHu Guan, the son of Hu Hai, the Marquis of DongchuanHu ZhongNovember 15, 1438Princess Zhenyi of Yongjia1455Consort GuoGuo Zhen, the eldest son of Guo Ying, the Marquis of WudingPrincess Hanshan1381"Han woman sent as tribute."Yin QingYoon Hoon, Yoon OkOctober 18, 1462Princess RuyangConsort GuoXie Da, the son of Xie Yan, a founding heroPrincess Baoqing1395UnknownZhao HuiZhu Yuying,Princess Yong'an 20 July 1377Empress RenxiaowenYongle EmperorYuan Rong, Marquis of GuangpingYuan Zhen Yuan Ningning
Yuan Yaoying Yuan Shou'en26 January 1417Yuegui,Princess YongpingYongle Emperor22 April 1444Princess AnchengYongle EmperorPrincess XianningYongle EmperorPrincess ChangningYongle EmperorPrincess Jiaxing1409Empress ChengxiaozhaoHongxi Emperor Jing YuanMarch 9, 1439Zhu Yuantong,Princess QingduSeptember 1, 1409 Consort ZhaoHongxi EmperorJiao Jing1440Princess QingheHongxi EmperorPrincess De'anHongxi EmperorPrincess YanpingHongxi EmperorPrincess DeqingHongxi EmperorPrincess ZhendingHongxi EmperorPrincess Shunde1420Empress Hu Xuande EmperorShi Jing1443Princess YongqingXuande Emperor1433Princess Changde1424Empress SunXuande EmperorXue Huan1470Princess ChongqingEmperor Yingzong of MingPrincess JiashanEmperor Yingzong of MingPrincess Chun'anEmperor Yingzong of MingPrincess GuangdeEmperor Yingzong of MingPrincess LongqingEmperor Yingzong of MingPrincess YixingEmperor Yingzong of MingPrincess JiaxiangEmperor Yingzong of MingPrincess Gu'anJingtai EmperorPrincess RenheChenghua EmperorPrincess YongkangChenghua EmperorPrincess DeqingChenghua EmperorPrincess ChangtaiChenghua EmperorPrincess XianyouChenghua EmperorPrincess Taikang Hongzhi EmperorPrincess Chang'anJiajing EmperorPrincess SirouJiajing EmperorPrincess Ning'anJiajing EmperorLi HePrincess GuishanJiajing EmperorPrincess JiashanJiajing EmperorXu CongchengPrincess PenglaiWanli EmperorPrincess TaiheWanli EmperorYao’e,Princess ShouyangWanli EmperorHou GongchenYaoying,Princess YongningWanli EmperorLiang BangruiYaoyuan ,Princess Rui'anWanli EmperorWan WeiYaoji ,Princess YanqingWanli EmperorPrincess QixiaWanli EmperorPrincess DaoyiTaichang EmperorHuijian,Princess HuaishuTaichang EmperorHuixian,Princess DaoshunTaichang EmperorHuijing,Princess SuipingTaichang EmperorQi ZanyuanHuiti ,Princess Le'anTaichang EmperorHuiyan,Liu YoufuTaichang EmperorHuizheng,Princess DaowenTaichang EmperorShu'e ,Princess YongningTianqi EmperorShumo ,Princess HuainingTianqi EmperorPrincess KunyiChongzhen EmperorPrincess Changping2 May 1630 Empress ZhouChongzhen Emperor Zhou XianUnborn Child26 September 1647Princess Zhaoren1639 Empress ZhouChongzhen Emperor24 April 1644
Qing Dynasty (1644–1912 CE)
Ranks of Qing Princesses In the Qing dynasty, An emperor's daughter was not automatically granted the title of princess at birth. Instead, the formal title was conferred usually when she reached the age of marriage—often following a specific ceremony. This practice meant that many daughters, despite being born to the emperor, did not receive the official title are thus excluded from this list that focuses solely on formally titled princesses.
In the Qing dynasty, the title of princess was mainly divided into two groups 公主(Gōngzhǔ) for the daughters of the emperor and 格格(GeGe) for the daughters of the princes (GeGe is from Manchuria language. This word means the unmarried girls of the noble families. At the same time, Gege was also a noble title for lower rank princess and the lower rank concubines of the Prince).
Ranks of The Daughters of the Emperor