By-elections to the 45th Canadian Parliament are held to fill vacancies in the House of Commons of Canada between the 2025 federal election and the 46th federal election. The 45th Canadian Parliament has existed since 2025 with the membership of its House of Commons having been determined by the results of the Canadian federal election held on April 28, 2025. The Liberal Party of Canada had a minority government during this Parliament until the three by-elections held on April 13, 2026, where they gained majority status. The Conservative Party of Canada forms the Official Opposition.
A writ for a by-election must be dropped no sooner than 11 days and no later than 180 days after the chief electoral officer is officially notified of a vacancy via a warrant issued by the Speaker. Under the Canada Elections Act, the minimum length of a campaign is 36 days between dropping the writ and election day, but must not exceed 50 days and the by-election must occur on a Monday within that time-frame.
Seven by-elections have been held during the 45th Parliament. They took place in the electoral districts of:
Battle River—Crowfoot, (Alberta), following Conservative MP Damien Kurek's announcement of his pending resignation of his seat on May 2, 2025 to give Pierre Poilievre, the leader of the Conservative Party, an opportunity to re-enter parliament after Poilievre lost his seat in the federal election. Kurek officially resigned on June 17, 2025 and the by-election was held August 18, 2025. University—Rosedale, (Ontario), to former Liberal cabinet minister Chrystia Freeland's resignation from Parliament, effective January 9, 2026, following her appointment as economic advisor to the President of Ukraine. Scarborough Southwest, (Ontario), due to the resignation of Liberal MP Bill Blair on February 2, 2026, to accept an appointment as Canadian High Commissioner to the United Kingdom. Terrebonne, (Quebec), after the Supreme Court of Canada, on February 13, 2026, annulled the one-vote victory by Liberal MP Tatiana Auguste due to a misprint by Elections Canada in return envelopes it produced for mail-in ballots. A minimum of 40 ballots were thought to have been distributed with an incorrect postal code on the return envelope. North Vancouver—Capilano federal by-election due to the appointment of Liberal MP Jonathan Wilkinson to a diplomatic position as Canadian Ambassador to the European Union. The Chief Electoral Officer was officially notified of his resignation as a Member of Parliament on June 22, 2026. Chicoutimi—Le Fjord federal by-election due to Conservative MP Richard Martel being appointed to the Senate on July 7, 2026. Beaches—East York federal by-election as Liberal MP Nate Erskine-Smith resigned his seat effective July 7, 2026.
Six additional by-elections are pending: Saint-Hyacinthe—Bagot—Acton as former BQ MP Simon-Pierre Savard-Tremblay has been announced as the Parti Québécois candidate in Saint-Hyacinthe for the next Quebec provincial election, and resigned from parliament on June 19, 2026.
Scarborough North due to the resignation of Liberal MP Shaun Chen on August 17, 2026 due to personal health issues.
Rosemont—La Petite-Patrie as a result of former NDP MP Alexandre Boulerice announcing he would be the candidate of Québec solidaire in Gouin for the next Quebec provincial election, expected in October 2026, and resigned as an MP on August 26, 2026.
Laurier—Sainte-Marie as a result of former Liberal cabinet minister Steven Guilbeault's announcement that he intends to resign his seat in order to fight climate change outside of parliament. His resignation took effect on August 28, 2026; Elections Canada was officially notified by the Speaker's Office on August 31, 2026.
Yorkton—Melville due to Conservative MP Cathay Wagantall resigning her seat effective August 31, 2026; Elections Canada was officially notified by the Speaker's Office on September 1.
Brantford—Brant South due to Conservative MP Larry Brock's resigning his seat on September 18 in order to return to his former position with the Crown attorney’s office.
At least one additional by-election is expected to be called in the near future: A by-election is expected in Parry Sound—Muskoka due to Conservative MP Scott Aitchison's decision that he will resign his seat by the end of 2026.
Summary
+ Analysis of byelections by turnout and vote share for winning candidate (vs 2025)Riding and winning partyTurnoutVote share for winning candidate % Change (pp) % Change (pp)Battle River—CrowfootHold 58.82 80.40 University—RosedaleHold 32.99 64.39 Scarborough SouthwestHold 33.80 69.60 TerrebonneHold 50.76 48.41 Chicoutimi—Le FjordGain 42.96 51.55 Beaches—East YorkHold 40.82 55.84 North Vancouver—CapilanoHold 45.60 58.73
Overview Confirmed Electoral districtDate vacated (and date warrant issued if different)Date writ issuedBy-election datePrevious incumbentPartyCauseWinnerPartyRetainedBattle River—CrowfootJune 30, 2025August 18, 2025Damien KurekResigned to provide a seat for Pierre Poilievre.YesUniversity—RosedaleMarch 8, 2026April 13, 2026Chrystia Freeland LiberalResigned after her appointment as an economic adviser to Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelenskyy.Danielle Martin LiberalYesMarch 8, 2026April 13, 2026Bill BlairLiberalResigned after appointment as Canada's high commissioner to the U.K.Doly Begum LiberalYesMarch 8, 2026April 13, 2026Tatiana AugusteLiberalPrevious election result declared void by Supreme Court due to an error by Elections Canada in preparing mail-in ballots.Tatiana Auguste LiberalYesJuly 26, 2026August 31, 2026Jonathan WilkinsonLiberalResigned to accept appointment as ambassador of Canada to the European UnionBraeden Caley LiberalYesJuly 26, 2026August 31, 2026Nate Erskine-SmithLiberal ResignedTanveer ShahnawazLiberalYesJuly 26, 2026August 31, 2026Richard MartelConservativeResigned as MP upon appointment to the Senate of CanadaDaniel GobeilLiberal NoOn or before December 19, 2026On or before February 1, 2027Simon-Pierre Savard-TremblayIndependent (Bloc Québécois before May 28, 2026)Resigned to run for the Parti Québécois in 2026 Quebec general electionTBDTBDTBDOn or before February 13, 2027On or before April 5, 2027Shaun ChenLiberalResigned due to personal health issues.TBDTBDTBDOn or before February 22, 2027On or before April 12, 2027Alexandre BoulericeIndependent (New Democratic before April 27, 2026)Resigned to run for Québec solidaire in 2026 Quebec general electionTBDTBDTBDOn or before February 27, 2027On or before April 19, 2027Steven GuilbeaultLiberal Resigned to resume environmental activism outside parliamentTBDTBDTBDOn or before February 28, 2027On or before April 19, 2027Cathay WagantallConservative Resigned for personal reasonsTBDTBDTBDOn or before March 20, 2027On or before May 3, 2027Larry BrockConservative Resigned to take up a position in the crown attorney's office.TBDTBDTBD Expected Electoral districtIncumbentPartyCauseScott AitchisonConservative Resigning to look for another opportunities. </onlyinclude>
Results by party By-electionDate Battle River—CrowfootAugust 18, 2025 4.10% 7.57 80.86% 1.98 2.08% 1.10 colspan="2" rowspan=3 0.23% 0.51University—RosedaleApril 13, 2026 64.39% 0.39 12.43% 11.06 18.94% 9.03 2.95% 1.24April 13, 2026 69.89% 8.41 18.42% 12.15 5.96% 0.94 2.47% 1.09 TerrebonneApril 13, 2026 48.41% 9.66 3.34% 14.84 0.54% 0.24 46.83% 8.09 0.42% 0.63 Chicoutimi—Le FjordAugust 31, 2026 51.55% 20.43 12.58% 21.56 1.82% 0.13 32.82% 1.63 0.69% 0.25 Beaches—East YorkAugust 31, 2026 55.84% 11.90 15.52% 8.02 25.64% 18.78 colspan="2" rowspan=2 1.75% 0.47 North Vancouver—CapilanoAugust 31, 2026 58.73% 1.09 29.17% 4.50 3.07% 1.17 8.56% 6.86 Total 46.90% 0.79 27.81% 7.98 7.31% 2.44 12.25% 2.79 2.36% 1.10
August 18, 2025 by-election Battle River—Crowfoot
A by-election was called in the federal riding of Battle River—Crowfoot, and was held on August 18, 2025, following the resignation of Conservative MP Damien Kurek. Kurek, who secured re-election with over 80% of the vote in the 2025 federal election on April 28, resigned his seat on June 17. This was done to allow Conservative leader Pierre Poilievre an opportunity to return to Parliament through a by-election after he was unseated in the 2025 Canadian federal election.
The writ for the by-election was drawn up on June 30, 2025 with the date of the vote set for August 18 in order to avoid a conflict with Alberta Heritage Day earlier in the month.
April 13, 2026 by-elections Nominations closed on March 23, at 2 pm local time.
University—Rosedale
A by-election was held in the federal riding of University—Rosedale in Ontario, Canada, following the January 9, 2026, resignation of incumbent Liberal MP Chrystia Freeland due to her accepting a position as economic advisor to the Office of the President of Ukraine.
The Chief Electoral Officer of Canada received formal notification of the vacancy from the Speaker of the House of Commons of Canada on January 9, 2026. The date of the by-election must be announced between January 20 and July 8, 2026. The by-election must be held on a Monday, at least 36 days but no more than 50 days after the day the by-election is announced. Accordingly, the earliest date that University—Rosedale by-election could have been held was March 2, 2026.
The Liberals announced Danielle Martin as their candidate on January 31.
Serena Purdy, the NDP candidate in this riding in the 2025 federal election, announced on March 3 that she would be the party's candidate.
The Greens announced candidate Andrew Massey on February 12.
Independent Adam Golding announced his candidacy in mid-February; he previously finished last in the riding in the 2025 federal election. He did not end up registering as a candidate, however.
The Centrist Party announced Imran Khan as their candidate on February 16; Khan previously ran in Scarborough Southwest in the 2025 federal election.
The Conservatives announced Don Hodgson as their candidate on March 11.
Martin was elected, holding this seat for the Liberals. Her victory, the first out of the three by-elections called on the night, took the Liberals to Majority Government status.
Scarborough Southwest
A by-election was held in the federal riding of Scarborough Southwest in Ontario, Canada, following the announced resignation of incumbent Liberal MP Bill Blair on February 2, 2026.
The Chief Electoral Officer of Canada received formal notification of the vacancy from the Speaker of the House of Commons of Canada on February 2, 2026. The date of the by-election must be announced between February 13 and August 1, 2026. The by-election must be held on a Monday, at least 36 days but no more than 50 days after the day the by-election is announced. Accordingly, the earliest date that the Scarborough Southwest by-election could be held is March 23, 2026.
The Liberals announced then–Ontario NDP deputy leader and MPP Doly Begum as their candidate on February 3.
The New Democratic Party ran Fatima Shaban, who was also the party's candidate in 2025.
The Greens announced Pooja Malhotra as their candidate on February 12.
The Centrist Party announced Lyall Sanders as their candidate on February 21.
Begum was elected, holding this seat for the Liberals.
Terrebonne
A by-election was held in the federal riding of Terrebonne in Quebec, Canada, after the Supreme Court of Canada, on February 13, 2026, reversed a lower court ruling denying an appeal by a Bloc Québécois candidate, who lost the federal election in Terrebonne riding by a single vote, vacating the seat won by Liberal MP Tatiana Auguste and triggering a byelection. The annulment was due to a printing error by Elections Canada on a return envelope for mail-in ballots which resulted in an envelope containing a vote for the Bloc Québécois candidate being returned to sender after the election.
Auguste was elected by an increased margin according to preliminary results, holding this seat for the Liberals.