__FORCETOC__ The following list of Illuminati members is a compilation of well-known personalities associated with the Illuminati, an 18th-century Bavarian secret society. The list is in alphabetical order.
The Illuminati Order was founded on May 1, 1776, by the philosopher and canon lawyer Adam Weishaupt in Ingolstadt and existed primarily in the Electorate of Bavaria until it was banned in 1784/85. The secret society had set itself the goal of spreading the values of the Enlightenment and infiltrated the lodges of the Freemasons for this purpose. A total of 1,395 members of the order can be identified, around a third of whom were also Freemasons and came almost exclusively from the German-speaking world (particularly Bavaria and Thuringia). The members included members of the upper classes, including nobles, entrepreneurs, scholars, intellectuals, military personnel, and civil servants. After a brief heyday, the Illuminati where banned in Bavaria in 1784/85 as treasonous and anti-religious, and by the 1790s at the latest, it was largely inactive. Although hardly any French-speaking people belonged to the Illuminati, conspiracy theories later arose that suspected the group of being behind the French Revolution.
List
A
Jakob Friedrich von Abel (1751–1829), German philosopher Werner Hans Friedrich Abrahamson (1744–1812), Danish officer, writer, editor, and translator Johann Michael Afsprung (1748–1808), German teacher, publicist, and Helvetian Franz Joseph von Albini (1748–1816), German politician and statesman Bonaventura Andres (1743–1822), German religious order priest, educator, university lecturer, and author Ferdinand d' Antoine (1746–1793), German composer August of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg (1747–1806), Prince of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg Karl August, Grand Duke of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach (1757–1828), Grand Duke of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach
B
Ferdinand Maria von Baader (1749–1797), German physician, philosopher, and natural scientist Konrad Joseph Bachem (1755–1832), German lawyer, court chamber secretary Jens Immanuel Baggesen (1764–1826), Danish writer Heinrich Bansi (1754–1835), Swiss Reformed pastor Johann Friedrich Baring (1747–1808), German member of the Baring family Carl Anton von Barth (1758–1797), German lawyer and mayor of Munich Aloys Basselet von La Rosée (1747–1826), German civil servant and judge Ludwig Wilhelm von Baumbach (1755–1811), German landowner and member of parliament August Batsch (1761–1802), German naturalist Rudolph Zacharias Becker (1752–1822), German author, enlightenment philosopher, and theologian Georg Wilhelm Sigismund Beigel (1753–1837), German lawyer Johann Joachim Bellermann (1754–1842), German theologian and author Anselm Franz von Bentzel-Sternau (1738–1786), minister of Kurmainz, curator and reorganizer of the old University of Mainz Johannes Bering (1748–1825), philosopher Friedrich Wilhelm Ludwig von Beulwitz (1755–1829), German lawyer and chancellor Andrea Giorgio Maria Bianchi (1746–1814), Italian merchant and patron Siegmund von Bibra (1750–1803), German educator and lexicographer Traugott Andreas von Biedermann (1743–1814), German politician and legal scholar Johann Erich Biester (1749–1816), German philosopher Leopold Bleibtreu (1777–1839), mining entrepreneur Aloys Blumauer (1755–1798), Austrian poet Johann Elert Bode (1747–1826), German astronomer (believed to be in the Illuminati) Johann Joachim Christoph Bode (1731–1793), German translator and enlightenment philosopher Johann von Böber (1746–1820), German teacher, explorer, botanist, and entomologist Johann Michael Boeck (1743–1793), German actor Andreas Böhm (1720–1790), German philosopher Karl Böttiger (1760–1835), German archaeologist Ignaz von Born (1742–1791), Austrian mineralogist, geologist, and malacologist Nikolaus Joseph Brahm (1751–1812), German lawyer and entomologist Johann Friedrich Brandis (1760–1790), German lawyer and university professor Dominikus von Brentano (1740–1797), Swiss publicist, Enlightenment theologian, and Bible translator Franz Xaver Bronner (1758–1850), Swiss publicist and archivist Anton von Bucher (1746–1817), German theologian, writer, satirist, and school reformer Philipp Ludwig Bunsen (1760–1809), German writer and librarian Philippe Buonarroti (1761–1837), Italian-French writer, philosopher and early socialist (possible member of an Illluminati lodge in Florence) Wilhelm Christian von dem Bussche (1756–1817), German landowner and district administrator Hans Ernst Bütemeister (1750–1827), German civil servant Josef Ignác Buček (1740–1821), Bohemian university professor, author of works on economics
C
Johann Vincenz Caemmerer (1761–1817), German lawyer, comedy writer, and publicist Joachim Heinrich Campe (1746–1818), German writer, linguist, educator and publisher. Emmanuel von Canal (1745–1826), Bohemian philanthropist, botanist, musician Christian Cannabich (1731–1798), German violinist, kapellmeister, and composer Prince Christian of Hesse-Darmstadt (1763–1830), Landgrave of the House of Hesse-Darmstadt and Dutch general Prince Charles of Hesse-Kassel (1744–1836), German-Danish prince and general Frederick Christian II. (1765–1814), Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Augustenburg Johann Rudolph Chotek von Chotkow (1748–1824), Austrian Minister of Finance and Governor of Bohemia Johann Philipp Count Cobenzl (1741–1810), Austrian statesman Hieronymus von Colloredo (1732–1812), Archbishop of Salzburg Friedrich Wilhelm Compe (1751–1827), German-Danish bailiff Prince Frederick Ferdinand Constantin of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach (1758–1793), Duke of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach and a major general in the army of the Electorate of Saxony Ignaz Cornova (1740–1822), Italian Jesuit priest, historian, educator, and poet
D
Karl Theodor von Dalberg (1744–1817), German statesman and prince-bishop. Last archbishop and elector of Mainz and the last archchancellor of the Holy Roman Empire Wolfgang Heribert von Dalberg (1750–1806), German administrative official, director of the National Theater in Mannheim Heinrich Gottfried Wilhelm Daniels (1754–1827), German lawyer Matthias Dannenmayer (1744–1805), German church historian Joseph Friedrich August Darbes (1747–1810), German portrait painter Hermann Christoph Gottfried Demme (1760–1822), German writer Thaddäus Anton Dereser (1757–1827), German theologian Johann Georg von Dillis (1759–1841), German painter Franz Dietrich von Ditfurth (1738–1813), German lawyer and freemason Anton Joseph Dorsch (1758–1819), German university lecturer and revolutionary Friedrich Ferdinand Drück (1754–1807), German philologist
E
Josef Karl Theodor von Eberstein (1761–1833), German politician Karl von Eckartshausen (1752–1803), German writer, alchemist, esotericist, and philosopher Johann Christian Ehrmann (1749–1827), German physician, author, and satirist Johann Peter Eichhoff (1755–1825), German Enlightenment philosopher and publicist Rudolf Eickemeyer (1753–1825), German engineer, mathematician, and general of the French Revolutionary Wars Carl Georg Riedesel zu Eisenbach (1746–1819), Hessian politician Wilhelm Christoph Eisenhuth (1755–1826), German lawyer and civil servant Adolf von Ende (1760–1816), German lawyer Ernest II (1745–1804), Duke of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg Johann Joachim Eschenburg (1743–1820), German critic and literary historian Johann Christian Ludwig von Eschwege (1746–1798), father of Wilhelm Ludwig von Eschwege Anton Estner (1730–1801), German priest Schack Hermann Ewald (1745–1822), German court official and publicist Joseph Valentin Eybel (1741–1805), Austrian publicist
F
Ernst Friedrich Hektor Falcke (1751–1809), mayor of Hanover Bernhard Christoph Faust (1755–1842), German physician Johann Noë du Fay (1748–1820), German merchant and co-founder of the Frankfurt Chamber of Commerce Ferdinand Fechtig von Fechtenberg (1756–1837), lawyer and Austrian civil servant Johann Georg Heinrich Feder (1740–1821), German philosopher Ferdinand of Braunschweig-Wolfenbüttel (1721-1792), Prussian field marshal Pascal Joseph von Ferro (1753–1809), Austrian physician Johann Friedrich Flatt (1759–1821), German Protestant theologian and philosopher Carl Chassot de Florencourt (1756–1790), German mathematician and mining engineer Mathias von Flurl (1756–1823), pioneer of geology and mineralogy in Bavaria Peter Anton von Frank (1746–1818), German legal scholar, historian, and university professor Joseph Maria von Fraunberg (1768–1842), Bishop of Augsburg and Archbishop of Bamberg Junius Frey (1753–1794), Czech writer, poet and revolutionary, relative of Jacob Frank Frederick V. (1748–1820), Landgrave of Hesse-Homburg Ludwig Fronhofer (1746–1800), German educator and writer
G
Caspar Siegfried Gähler (1747–1825), administrative lawyer and mayor of Altona Christian Garve (1742–1798), German philosopher Friedrich Gedike (1754 –1803), German theologian, teacher and educational reformer Franz Xaver Geiger (1749–1841), German writer and Roman Catholic clergyman Otto Heinrich von Gemmingen-Hornberg (1755–1836), German diplomat Johann Friedrich Gildemeister (1750–1812), German legal scholar Christoph Girtanner (1760–1800), Swiss physician, chemist, and historical-political writer Ernst August Anton von Göchhausen (1740–1824), German writer Leopold Friedrich Günther von Goeckingk (1748–1828), Rococo poet and Prussian civil servant Johann Wolfgang von Goethe (1749–1832), German poet, playwright, natural scientist, and politician Joseph Franz von Goez (1754–1815), Austrian painter Georg Friedrich Götz (1750–1813), German entomologist Tadeusz Grabianka (1740–1807), Polish alchemist Ernst Christoph Grattenauer (1744–1815), German bookseller and publisher Peter Wilhelm Josef de Gynetti (1735–1804), German physician
H
Franz Xaver von Haeberl (1759–1846), German physician Benedikt Hacker (1769–1829), Austrian composer and music publisher Johann Casimir Häffelin (1737–1827), German diplomat and cardinal Gerhard Anton von Halem (1752–1819), German writer, lawyer, and civil servant Jan Alois Hanke (1751–1806), Moravian Enlightenment philosopher, historian, writer, and humanist Karl August von Hardenberg (1750–1822), Prussian statesman and reformer Lorenz Leopold Haschka (1749–1827), Austrian poet and author Johann Matthäus Hassencamp (1743–1797), German theologian, orientalist, and mathematician Gottfried Konrad Hecht (1752–1816), German civil servant and botanist Christian Georg von Helmolt (1728–1805), German civil servant Ludwig von Helmolt (1769–1847), Prussian district administrator Johann Wilhelm Hemeling (1758–1817), German librarian, teacher, and teacher of the deaf and dumb Johann Gottfried Herder (1744–1803), German writer, translator, theologian, and philosopher Carl Wilhelm Hilchenbach (1749–1816), German theologian Aloys Friedrich Wilhelm von Hillesheim (1756–1818), German economist and publicist Johann Daniel Hoffmann (1743–1814), German jurist and university lecturer Leopold Alois Hoffmann (1760–1806), Austrian publicist and playwright Caspar Friedrich von Hofmann (1740–1814), procurator at the Imperial Chamber Court Andreas Joseph Hofmann (1752–1849), philosopher and revolutionary Johann Konrad Achaz Holscher (1755–1840), Lutheran theologian Carl Alexander Holtzmann (1759–1820), merchant, mayor, and administrative councilor Johann Wilhelm von Hompesch zu Bolheim (1761–1809), Bavarian Minister of Finance August Ludwig Hoppenstedt (1763–1830), Lutheran theologian Johann Baptist Horix (1730–1792), German lawyer, constitutional law scholar and civil servant Franz Xaver Huber (1755–1814), Austrian journalist, satirist and librettist Gottlieb Hufeland (1760–1817), legal scholar Christoph Wilhelm Hufeland (1762–1836), German physician and naturopath, founder of macrobiotics Adolph Carl von Humbracht (1753–1837), patrician and politician
I