The Azores are a group of islands in the North Atlantic Ocean, west of the Iberian Peninsula. They are home to dozens of endemic species and subspecies of vascular plants.Endemic plants of Azores, World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP) checklist builder. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Retrieved 17 February 2025. Although the Azores are politically part of Portugal, the World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions treats the Azores as a distinct botanical country. The archipelago are part of Macaronesia, a biogeographical region which also includes the Canary Islands, Cape Verde Islands, Madeira, and the Selvagens.
Plants are listed alphabetically by plant family. Extinct and presumed extinct species are indicated with †.
Apiaceae Ammi seubertianum Ammi trifoliatum Angelica lignescens – Faial Chaerophyllum azoricum Daucus carota subsp. azoricus Sanicula azorica
Aquifoliaceae Ilex perado subsp. azorica
Araliaceae Hedera azorica
Aspleniaceae Asplenium azoricum Asplenium × diasii (A. azoricum × A. onopteris) Asplenium × santamariae (A. azoricum × A. scolopendrium) Asplenium × vogelii (A. azoricum × A. trichomanes subsp. quadrivalens)
Asteraceae Bellis azorica Lactuca watsoniana Leontodon × carreiroi (L. rigens × L. saxatilis) – São Miguel Leontodon filii – central Azores Leontodon × friasi (L. hochstetteri × L. saxatilis) – Flores Leontodon hochstetteri – western Azores Leontodon rigens – São Miguel Pericallis malvifolia Pericallis malvifolia subsp. caldeirae – Faial Pericallis malvifolia subsp. malvifolia Taraxacum perssonii Taraxacum pseudolandmarkii Tolpis azorica
Boraginaceae Myosotis azorica Myosotis maritima
Brassicaceae Cardamine caldeirarum
Campanulaceae Azorina vidalii
Caprifoliaceae Scabiosa nitens
Caryophyllaceae Cerastium azoricum Cerastium vagans var. ciliatum Spergularia azorica
Crassulaceae Aichryson santamariensis – Santa Maria
Cupressaceae Juniperus brevifolia Juniperus brevifolia subsp. brevifolia Juniperus brevifolia subsp. maritima Juniperus brevifolia var. montana
Cyperaceae Carex demissa subsp. cedercreutzii Carex hochstetteriana Carex laevicaulis Carex leviosa Carex pilulifera subsp. azorica Carex vulcani
Ericaceae Daboecia azorica Erica azorica Vaccinium cylindraceum
Euphorbiaceae Euphorbia azorica Euphorbia santamariae Euphorbia stygiana
Fabaceae † Vicia dennesiana – eastern São Miguel: Serra da Tronqueira
Gentianaceae Centaurium scilloides
Hypericaceae Hypericum foliosum
Isoetaceae Isoetes azorica
Juncaceae Luzula purpureosplendens
Lauraceae Laurus azorica
Oleaceae Picconia azorica
Orchidaceae Platanthera azorica – São Jorge and Faial Platanthera micrantha Platanthera pollostantha
Orobanchaceae Euphrasia azorica Euphrasia grandiflora
Plantaginaceae Veronica dabneyi
Plumbaginaceae Armeria maritima subsp. azorica – Flores, São Jorge, and São Miguel Limonium eduardi-diasii
Poaceae Agrostis congestiflora Agrostis congestiflora subsp. congestiflora – Azores (0 - 500 m) Agrostis congestiflora subsp. oreophila – Azores (600 - 2340 m) Agrostis gracililaxa Agrostis gracililaxa var. gracililaxa – Azores (250 - 500 m) Agrostis gracililaxa var. mutica – Terceira Agrostis reuteri subsp. botelhoi Avenella foliosa Festuca francoi Festuca petraea Gaudinia coarctata Holcus × azoricus (H. lanatus × H. rigidus) Holcus rigidus Rostraria azorica – Santa Maria
Polygonaceae Rumex azoricus
Polypodiaceae Dryopteris crispifolia Dryopteris intermedia subsp. azorica Dryopteris × madalenae (D. crispifolia × D. intermedia subsp. azorica) – Pico Dryopteris × martinsiae (D. aemula × D. crispifolia) – Pico Dryopteris × picoensis (D. affinis × D. intermedia subsp. azorica) – Pico Dryopteris × sjoegrenii (D. dilatata × D. intermedia subsp. azorica) – Pico Dryopteris × telesii (D. crispifolia × D. dilatata) – Pico Grammitis azorica – Flores
Primulaceae Lysimachia azorica
Rosaceae Prunus lusitanica subsp. azorica Rubus hochstetterorum
Rubiaceae Rubia agostinhoi
Santalaceae Arceuthobium azoricum – Parasitic on Juniperus brevifolia
Smilacaceae Smilax azorica
Viburnaceae Viburnum treleasei
References