Phalloceros buckupi, the Jacareí toothcarp, is a species of poeciliid fish native to Brazil.

Distribution Phalloceros buckupi is found in the Rio Jacareí drainage and neighbouring, which flows into the Baía de Paranaguá in Paraná, Brazil.

Size The females of this species grow to a total length of , while males remain smaller at . .

Habitat The fish live in tropical freshwater; and are benthopelagic.

Etymology The fish is named in honor of Paulo A. Buckup (b. 1959), the collector of the most specimens of this species, and for his many contributions to neotropical ichthyology.

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