Kolderup is a surname. Notable people with this surname include:
Amunda Kolderup (1846–1882), Norwegian opera singer Carl Fredrik Kolderup (1869–1942), Norwegian geologist and professor Janus Lauritz Andreas Kolderup-Rosenvinge (1792–1850), Danish jurist Niels-Henrik Kolderup (1898–1971), Norwegian geologist and politician
See also Lauritz Kolderup Rosenvinge (1858–1939), Danish botanist