Bodhiruci (also written Bodhiruchi or Bodairushi; ; 562 or 571 – 727 CE) was an Indian translator and Buddhist monk from South India. Originally named Dharmaruci (達磨流支), he is believed to have lived for 156 years.Martha Cheung. An Anthology of Chinese Discourse on Translation. Vol.1: From Earliest Times to the Buddhist Project, 2014, p. 203.. Bodhiruci travelled to China in the late 7th century, where he translated numerous texts, sutras, and commentaries from Sanskrit into Middle Chinese.
Biography Bodhiruci was born into a family of Brahmins from the Kashyapa Gotra,P.V. Bapat,2500 Years of Buddhism, 1959, p. 218. in South India. The year of his birth is uncertain, with sources suggesting either 562 or 571 CE. He died in 727 CE, purportedly at the age of 156.. He was educated according to the principles of his caste, but when he reached adulthood, he chose the path of Buddhism.
In 663 CE, Emperor Gaozong of Tang invited him to China. However, he delayed for 30 years, finally arriving in 693 CE, during the reign of empress Wu Zetian, who requested that he change his name from Dharmaruci to Bodhiruci.Robert Buswell Jr. The Princeton Dictionary of Buddhism , 2013, pp. 133–134.
He first settled in the monastery of Foshoujisi, in Chang'an, the ancient Chinese capital, (now Xi'an). He also stayed in Luoyang, the empire's secondary capital named Dongdu (東都), the "Eastern Capital". In 699 CE, under the direction of Śikṣānanda (652–710), he took part in the second translation of the Buddhāvataṃsaka Sūtra, better known as the Avataṃsaka Sūtra.
In 706 CE, he moved to the monastery of Chongfusi where he translated the Mahāratnakūṭa Sūtra. It took him seven years to complete the translation of the 49 sutras that make up the whole. By 713 CE, the completed edition contained 120 scrolls. During his life, he also translated other texts, sutras and commentaries.Paul.W. Kroll. Critical Readings on Tang China, Vol. 4, 2018, p.1655.
At the age of 90, he renounced worldly life to devote himself entirely to meditation and devotion. He isolated himself completely and stopped writing, reading only his manuscripts written in Sanskrit.
Translations The following sutras, listed in the Korean Buddhist Canon: A Descriptive Catalogue, by Lewis Lancaster and Sun-bae Park, are among the 69 sutras mentioned, and include an incomplete list of translations attributed to Bodhiruci.The Korean Buddhist Canon. « Bodhiruci » in section "Authors, editors, translators" (then sutra number)..
+Tripitaka KoreanaSanskrit Title and Translation Year (CE)English titleChinese titleKorean titleEnglish translationsK.18The Korean Buddhist Canon :K.18.. Adhyardhaśatikāprajñāpāramitā sūtraDiamond Sutra實相般若波羅蜜多經실상반야바라밀다경?K.22The Korean Buddhist Canon: K.22.. K.22(1–49)Mahāratnakūṭa(706)Mahāratnakūṭa Sūtra大寶積經대보자경see details on article pageK.36The Korean Buddhist Canon: K.36.. Sumatidārikāparipṛcchā sūtra(693)Sumati Sūtra須摩提經수마제경?K.287The Korean Buddhist Canon: K.287.. Amoghapāśakalparāja sūtra(707)Mantra of Light不空羂索神變眞言經불공견삭신변진언경84000. coThe Sovereign Ritual of Amoghapāśa. K.293The Korean Buddhist Canon: K.293.. Nīlakaṇṭhaka sūtra(709)Nīlakaṇṭha Dhāraṇī千手千眼觀世音菩薩姥陀羅尼身經천수천안관세음보살모타라니신경?K.298The Korean Buddhist Canon: K.298.. Padmacintāmaṇi dhāraṇī sūtra(709)Dharani Sutra of the Great Wheel of Love如意輪陀羅尼經여의륜 다라니경?K.351The Korean Buddhist Canon: K.351.. Sumukhanāmadhāraṇī sūtra(693)Dharani Sutra for Protecting Life護命法門神咒經호명법문신주경?K.422The Korean Buddhist Canon: K.422.. Mahāmaṇivipulavimānaviśvasupratiṣṭhitaguhyaparamarahasyakalparāja dhāraṇī sūtra Dharani Sutra of the Great and Powerful Palace of Virtue and Mystery廣大寶樓閣善住祕密陀羅尼經광대보루각선주비밀타라니경?K.489The Korean Buddhist Canon: K.489.. Śrīmatībrāhmāṇiparipṛcchā sūtra(693)The Mahayana Sutra Asked by A Virtuous Woman有德女所問大乘經유덕녀소문대승경?
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References
Bibliography (Note: The book has been republished several times since 1959, with a different total number of pages from that shown here).
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External links The Korean Buddhist Canon: A Descriptive Catalogue.. The SAT Daizōkyō Text Database at the University of Tokyo. Chinese Buddhist Electronic Text Association (CBETA). NTI Buddhist Text Reader.