The 1991 Nobel Prizes were awarded by the Nobel Foundation, based in Sweden. Six categories were awarded: Physics, Chemistry, Physiology or Medicine, Literature, Peace, and Economic Sciences.
Prizes
Physics +Awardee(s)Pierre-Gilles de Gennes (1932–2007) French"for discovering that methods developed for studying order phenomena in simple systems can be generalized to more complex forms of matter, in particular to liquid crystals and polymers"
Chemistry Awardee(s)Richard R. Ernst (1933–2021) Swiss"for his contributions to the development of the methodology of high resolution nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy"
Physiology or Medicine Awardee(s)Erwin Neher (b. 1944)"for their discoveries concerning the function of single ion channels in cells"Bert Sakmann (b. 1942)
Literature
Awardee(s)Nadine Gordimer (1923–2014)"who through her magnificent epic writing has – in the words of Alfred Nobel – been of very great benefit to humanity"
Peace Awardee(s)Aung San Suu Kyi (born 1945)"for her non-violent struggle for democracy and human rights."
Economic Sciences Awardee(s)Ronald Coase (1910–2013)"for his discovery and clarification of the significance of transaction costs and property rights for the institutional structure and functioning of the economy"
References