The 2000 Nobel Prizes were awarded by the Nobel Foundation, based in Sweden. Six categories were awarded: Physics, Chemistry, Physiology or Medicine, Literature, Peace, and Economic Sciences.
Nobel Week took place from December 6 to 12, including programming such as lectures, dialogues, and discussions. The award ceremony and banquet for the Peace Prize were scheduled in Oslo on December 10, while the award ceremony and banquet for all other categories were scheduled for the same day in Stockholm.
Prizes
Physics +Awardee(s)Zhores Alferov (1930–2019) Russian"for developing semiconductor heterostructures used in high-speed- and optoelectronics"Herbert Kroemer (1928–2024) GermanJack Kilby (1923–2005) American"for his part in the invention of the integrated circuit"
Chemistry Awardee(s)Alan J. Heeger (b. 1936) American"for their discovery and development of conductive polymers"Alan G. MacDiarmid (1927–2007) New Zealander AmericanHideki Shirakawa (b. 1936) Japanese
Physiology or Medicine Awardee(s)Arvid Carlsson (1923–2018)"for their discoveries concerning signal transduction in the nervous system"Paul Greengard (1925–2019)Eric Kandel (b. 1929)
Literature
Awardee(s)Gao Xingjian (b. 1940)"for an oeuvre of universal validity, bitter insights and linguistic ingenuity, which has opened new paths for the Chinese novel and drama"
Peace Awardee(s)Kim Dae-jung (1924–2009)"for his work for democracy and human rights in South Korea and in East Asia in general, and for peace and reconciliation with North Korea in particular."
Economic Sciences Awardee(s)James Heckman (b. 1944)"for his development of theory and methods for analyzing selective samples"Daniel McFadden (b. 1937)"for his development of theory and methods for analyzing discrete choice"
Controversies
Literature Gao's awarding was met with silence in China followed by condemnation in the Chinese media.Helmer Lång Hundra nobelpris i litteratur 1901-2001, Symposion 2001, p.338-389
References