Gouverneur is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
People Abraham Gouverneur (1671–1740), Dutch born colonial American merchant Livia Gouverneur (1941–1961), Venezuelan student who was killed during the Cuban Revolution Maria Hester Monroe Gouverneur (1802–1850), American socialite and daughter of U.S. president James Monroe Nicholas Gouverneur (1753–1802), American merchant, president of the Bank of New York R. Gouverneur, French physician after whom Gouverneur's syndrome is named Samuel L. Gouverneur (1799–1865), lawyer and civil servant Sandra Gouverneur (born 1976), Dutch softball player Véronique Gouverneur (born 1964), professor of chemistry Viviane Gouverneur (born 1940), French freestyle swimmer