Jablanica (, ) is a common South Slavic toponym, derived from jablan, "Lombardy poplar", literally meaning "place of lombardy poplar". It may refer to:

Albania Jablanica Mountain, in eastern Albania and the west of the Republic of Macedonia

Bosnia and Herzegovina Jablanica, Bosnia and Herzegovina, a town and municipality in Herzegovina Jablanica, Gradiška Jablanica, Lopare, a village in Republika Srpska Jablanica (Maglaj), a village in Maglaj municipality Jablanica, Tešanj Jablanica, Trnovo Jablanica (Višegrad)

Kosovo Jablanica, Kosovo, a village - see List of populated places in Kosovo by municipality

North Macedonia Jablanica, Struga, a village in Struga Municipality Jablanica Mountain, in western Macedonia and the east of Albania

Montenegro Jablanica, Rožaje, a village in Rožaje Municipality

Serbia Jablanica (river), in southern Serbia Jablanica District, in southern Serbia Jablanica, Gornji Milanovac, settlement Jablanica, Boljevac, settlement Jablanica, Bujanovac, settlement Jablanica, Kruševac, settlement Jablanica, Novi Pazar, settlement Jablanica, Tutin, settlement Jablanica, Čajetina, settlement

Slovenia Jablanica, Ilirska Bistrica, a settlement in the Municipality of Ilirska Bistrica Jablanica, Sevnica, a settlement in the Municipality of Sevnica Spodnja Jablanica, a settlement in the Municipality of Šmartno pri Litiji Zgornja Jablanica, a settlement in the Municipality of Šmartno pri Litiji

See also Yablanitsa, a town in Lovech Province, Bulgaria Jablanac, village in Croatia (same toponymic origin)