Complex Orbital Observations Near-Earth of Activity of the Sun, or CORONAS, was a Russian Solar observation satellite programme. Three satellites were launched: CORONAS-I, CORONAS-F, and CORONAS-Photon.
CORONAS-I
CORONAS-I was launched in 1994.
The satellites had 12 instrumenents: TEREK-C – Solar XUV Telescope/Coronagraph RES-C – Solar X-ray Spectral Polarimeter DIOGENESS – Diagnostic of Energy Sources and Sinks in Flares HELICON – Solar X-ray and gamma-ray Scintillation Spectrometer IRIS – Solar Burst Spectrometer SUFR-Sp-C – Solar UV Radiometer VUSS – Vacuum UV Solar spectrum DIFOS – Solar Flux Optical Photometer SORS – Solar Radiospectrometer SKL-particles – Solar Cosmic-ray Spectrometer Complex – particles AVS – Amplitude-time Spectrum Analyser SKL-rad – Solar Cosmic-ray Spectrometer Complex – radiation
CORONAS-F
CORONAS-I was launched in 2001 and worked until 2005.
The satellites had 16 instrumenents: TEREK-C – Solar XUV Telescope/Coronagraph RES-C – Solar X-ray Spectral Polarimeter DIOGENESS – Diagnostic of Energy Sources and Sinks in Flares HELICON – Solar X-ray and gamma-ray Scintillation Spectrometer IRIS – Solar Burst Spectrometer SUFR-Sp-C – Solar UV Radiometer VUSS – Vacuum UV Solar spectrum DIFOS – Solar Flux Optical Photometer SORS – Solar Radiospectrometer SKL-particles – Solar Cosmic-ray Spectrometer Complex – particles SPR-N – Solar X-ray Polarimeter RESIK – X-ray Spectrometer AVS – Amplitude-time Spectrum Analyser RPS-1 – X-ray Semi-conductor Spectrometer IMAP-5 – Three-axis Magnetometer SKL-rad – Solar Cosmic-ray Spectrometer Complex – radiation
CORONAS-Photon
CORONAS-Photon was launched on 30 January 2009, from Plesetsk Cosmodrome, aboard the final flight of the Tsyklon-3 rocket. On 1 December 2009 all scientific instruments on the satellite were turned off due to the problems with power supply that were caused by a design flaw. On 18 April 2010 the creators of the satellite announced it was lost "with a good deal of certainty".КОРОНАС-ФОТОН, по-видимому, умер [Coronas-Foton is apparently dead] (in Russian). Official press release of the Laboratory of X-Ray Astronomy of the Sun of the Russian Academy of Sciences.
The satellite had 11 instruments: Natalya-2M-rad – High energy radiation spectrometer – radiation RT-2 – Roentgen Telescope-2 Penguin-M – Hard X-ray polarimeter-spectrometer Konus-RF – X-ray and gamma-ray spectrometer BRM – Fast X-ray Monitor PHOKA – Multi-channel ultraviolet monitor TESIS – Telescope-spectrometer for imaging solar spectroscopy in X-rays Electron-M-PESCA – Charged particle analyzer STEP-F – Satellite telescope of electrons and protons Natalya-2M-particles – High energy radiation spectrometer – particles SM-8M – Magnetometer
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