This is a list of wars involving the Inca Empire (1438–1535), as well as its predecessors the Kingdom of Cusco, Chimor, the Tiwanaku Empire, and the Wari Empire.
Pre-Cusco period +ConflictCombatant 1Combatant 2ResultsWari Empire expansion campaignsJulián Santillana (2000). «Los estados panandinos: Wari y Tiwanaku». En Teodoro Hampe Martínez, ed. Historia del Perú. Culturas prehispánicas. Barcelona: Lexus. (7th-10th century)Wari Empire HuarpasCaxamarca culture Lambayeque culture Lima culture Moche culture Nazca culture Recuay cultureWari victory
The Wari culture is consolidated as the 1st pan-andean empire, controlling Ancient Peru from modern Lambayeque to Moquegua. Andean civilizations enters to the Middle Horizon in the Periodization of pre-Columbian Peru.Wari invasion of MoqueguaMartti Pärssinen (2003). «Copacabana: ¿El nuevo Tiwanaku? Hacia una comprensión multidisciplinaria sobre las secuencias culturales postiwanacotas de Pacasa (Bolivia).». En Ana María Lorandi, Carmen Salazar-Soler, Nathan Wachtel, ed. Los Andes: 50 años después (1953-2003) - Homenaje a John Murra (1 edición). Perú: Fondo Editorial de la Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú. pp. 229-280. (10th/11th century)Wari EmpireTiwanaku EmpireWari victory
Moquegua is destroyed. Decline of both empires.Wari internal conflictsTung, TA (2008). «Violence after Imperial Collapse: A Study of Cranial Trauma among Late Intermediate Period Burials from the Former Huari Capital, Ayacucho, Peru.». Ñawpa Pacha 29: 101-117. S2CID 129334201. doi:10.1179/naw.2008.29.1.003. (12th century)Wari EmpireRebel forcesForeign Invaders The empire is fragmented into Sican Kingdom, Chimu Kingdom, Chancay culture, Tallán lordship, Chincha culture, Chachapoya culture, Huaylas Lordship, Cajamarca Kingdom, Huanca kingdom, Collique lordship.Aymara invasions to TiawanakuWaldemar Espinoza Soriano. Los Incas. Economía Sociedad y Estado en la Era del Tahuantinsuyo. Lima: Amaru, 1987 (12th century)Tiwanaku EmpireAymarasAymara victory
The Aymaras managed to gain the entire Andean plateau (modern Bolivia) for themselves, meanwhile the Tiahuanacos were forced to emigrate to the north (modern Southern Peru). Some Tiawanaku royal Ayllus establish on Cuzco and found the Inca lordship.Tiawanku civil war (12th century)Tiwanaku EmpireRebel forces The empire is fragmented into Aymara regional states, among which the Colla kingdom, the Lupaca kingdom and the Pacajes kingdom stand out. Andean civilizations enters to the Late Intermediate in the Periodization of pre-Columbian Peru.Chimu conquest of Sican (1375)Chimu EmpireSican KingdomSican is turned into a province of the Chimu kingdom.
Kingdom of Cusco +ConflictAlliesWar againstResultsHead of StateConquest of the Ayaviri (13th century)Kingdom of CuscoAyavirisInca victoryLloque YupanquiBattle of Huaychu (13th century)Kingdom of CuscoColla KingdomInca victoryMayta CápacRebellion of the MascasRostworowski Tovar, María (Octubre del 2010). «3. Las etnias cusqueñas y los primeros incas». Incas. Biblioteca Imprescindibles Peruanos. Perú: Empresa Editora El Comercio S.A. - Producciones Cantabria S.A.C. p. 36-47. (14th century)Kingdom of CuscoMascasInca victory
The leader of the Masca people, Guasi Guaca, is taken prisoner.Inca RocaRebellion of the Muyna and the Pinahua (14th century)Kingdom of CuscoMuyna PinahuaInca victory
Death of Muyna Pongo, Muyna leader. Flight of Guaman Tupa, Pinahua leader.Inca Roca
Inca Empire (1438–1535) +ConflictAlliesWar againstResultsHead of StateChanka–Inca War (1438–1440) Inca EmpireChanka KingdomInca victory
Beginning of the Third Inca Expansion.Viracocha Inca PachacutiInca-Chincha war (1440–1460) Inca EmpireChincha LordshipInca victoryPachacutiColla–Inca War (1445–1550) Inca EmpireAymara kingdoms Colla KingdomInca victory • Quechuanization of the CollaoPachacutiHuarco-Inca War (1450s) Inca EmpireHuarco ConfederationInca victory
After 5 years of war, the Huarco leaders are massively hanged in the Canchari Fortress. The Incas kills all the princes of Huarco.Pachacuti Topa Inca YupanquiRebellion of the Ayarmacas (1460s) Inca EmpireAyarmacasInca victory
The Ayarmaca curaca is taken prisoner.Pachacuti Topa Inca YupanquiConquest of the CajamarcasRostworowski de Díez Canseco, María (2001). Pachacutec Inca Yupanqui. Lima: Instituto de Estudios Peruanos, pp. 166. (1460s) Inca EmpireCaxamarcas Chimu EmpireInca victory
The Cajamarca leader Husmancu Cápac, with his Chimú Cápac ally, are taken as prisoners and died on Cuzco. Casus belli for the Chimor–Inca War.PachacutiConquest of the Chimú Empire (1470) Inca EmpireChimu EmpireInca victory
Inca sack of Chan Chan. The treasures are used to decoy the Coricancha The Chimu leader Minchancaman is taken prisoner End of Chimu hegemony on North Peru. Consolidation of Inca hegemony on Ancient Peru.Pachacuti Topa Inca YupanquiGuaraní invasions (1470–1533) Inca Empire Tupi-Guaraní peopleInca pyrrhic victory
Guarani sacks successfully the Inca domains, but are expelled.Pachacuti Topa Inca Yupanqui Huayna CapacConquest of Collasuyu 1470s to 1490s Inca Empire Diaguita Huarpes Omaguacas Atacamas Comechingones Guaycuru peoples ChichasInca victory Incorporation of Collasuyu to the empire Churumatas, Tomatas and Moyos Moyos dispersedTopa Inca YupanquiMapuche-Inca War (1471–1530) Inca Empire Mapuches PicuncheInca pyrrhic victory
The Mapuches of the south of the Maule River maintain their independence. Border conflicts will continue on the Arauco WarTopa Inca Yupanqui Huayna CapacConquest of the Chachapoyas (1472) Inca EmpireChachapoya cultureInca Victory
Incan attempts to make an ethnocide to Chachapoyas by forcing them to be a diaspora or being part of the Inca army.Topa Inca YupanquiRebellion of the Chimú (1475) Inca EmpireChimorInca Victory
Execution of the Chimú leader.Topa Inca YupanquiConquest of the peoples of the northern Andes (1490–1520) Inca EmpireNorthern Andes Peoples
Chachapoyas Cañaris Quitus Cochasquí Cayambi Caranquis Peruchos Otavalos Puruhá PastosInca Victory
The Incas beheaded the Caranquis, near the Yahuarcocha lagoon (blood lagoon), killing 2000-20000 people.Topa Inca Yupanqui Huayna CapacInca civil war (1529–1532) Huascarist AtahualpistAtahualpa VictoryHuáscarSpanish Conquest of the Inca Empire (1532–1572)
Conquest of Bolivia Conquest of Chile Conquest of Ecuador 2nd Inca-Spanish War Manco Inca Rebellion Titu Cusi's Vilcabamba campaign Tupac Amaru I's Vilcabamba campaign Inca Empire (until 1535) Neo-Inca State (since 1537) Spanish Empire New Castile New Toledo
Indian auxiliaries
Huancas Chankas Cañaris Huaylas Chachapoyas Huascarist Incas Catholicized Inca nobility Neo-Inca State (1533–1536) Tlaxcaltecas NicaraguasSpanish Victory
Establishment of the Viceroyalty of Peru. Spanish monarchs gets the right of succession of the Sapa Incas monarchy (Reynos del Perú) through Translatio imperii.Atahualpa Incas of Vilcabamba
References