This is a list of languages used in Russia. Russian is the only official language at the national level and there are other 35 official languages, which are used in different regions of Russia. There are approximately 190 indigenous languages in Russia. The ten largest of these, which do not hold official state status outside the Russian Federation, are listed below in descending order of the number of speakers: Tatar, Chechen, Bashkir, Chuvash, Avar, Kabardian, Dargwa, Ossetian, Kumyk and Lezgin, according to the 2010 Russian census.
Official language
Russian (137,494,893 speakers)
Languages related to European Russia
Languages with 1,000,000 or more speakers English (7,574,303) Tatar (4,280,718) German (2,069,949) Chechen (1,354,705) Chuvash (1,042,989) Bashkir (1,152,404) Ukrainian (1,129,838)Владение украинским языком в России в разрезе этнических групп / Завьялов А. В. Социальная адаптация украинских иммигрантов : монография / А. В. Завьялов. – Иркутск : Изд-во ИГУ, 2017. – 179 с.
Languages with 100,000 or more speakers
Avar (715,297) Armenian (660,935) French (616,394) Kabardian (515,672) Dargwa (485,705) Azerbaijani (473,044) Ossetic (451,431) Kumyk (426,212) Lezgian (402,173) Mordovian languages (392,941) Moksha Erzya Eastern Mari (365,127) Udmurt (324,338) Ingush (305,868) Karachay-Balkar (305,364) Belarusian (173,980) Georgian (170,659) Komi-Zyrian (156,099) Spanish (152,147) Turkish (146,363) Lak (145,895) Romanian (128,197) Adyghe (117,489)
Languages with 10,000 or more speakers
Moldovan (96,061) Polish (94,000) Nogai (87,119) Italian (83,202) Kalmyk (80,546) Tabassaran (75,079) Komi-Permyak (63,106) Karelian (52,000) Finnish (51,000) Lithuanian (49,000) Abaza (38,000) Western Mari (36,000) Latvian (34,000) Kurmanji (30,000) Yiddish (30,000) Rutul (29,000) Aghul (29,000) Estonian (26,000) Andi (23,000) Baltic Romany (20,000) Tsez (15,000) Bezhta (10,000) Vlax Romany (10,000) Livvi
Languages with 1,000 or more speakers
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic (7,700) Khwarshi (3,000) Serbian Veps Tindi Karata Ludian Hunzib Bagvalal Botlikh Tsakhur Akhvakh Ghodoberi Archi Chamalal Judeo-Tat
Languages with fewer than 1,000 speakers
Sami languages Akkala Sami Kildin Sami Skolt Sami Ter Sami Vod Ingrian Hinukh Kurdish
Languages related to Asian Russia
Languages with 100,000 or more speakers
Kazakh (563,000) Yakut (456,000) Buryat (368,000) Tuvin (242,000) Uzbek (238,000) Tajiki (131,000)
Languages with 10,000 or more speakers
Altay (65,000) Khakas (52,000) Kyrgyz (46,000) Nenets (31,000) Evenki (13,800) Khanty (13,000) Shor (around 10,000)
Languages with 1,000 or more speakers
Even (5,656) Mansi (2,746) Dolgan (1,054) Selkup (1,023)
Languages with fewer than 1,000 speakers
Yupik languages Naukan (Naukanski) Sirenik Central Siberian Yupik (Yuit) Yukaghir languages Northern Yukaghir Southern Yukaghir Ket Ainu Orok Udege Kerek Aleut (including Mednyy) Enets Alutor Negidal Tofalar (Karagas) Itelmen Yugh Nganasan Oroch Chulym Ulch Nivkh Nanai
Other
Korean (60,000) Koryo-mar Mandarin Chinese (59,000) Turkmen (38,000) Czech Domari Lomavren Pontic Greek Bohtan Neo-Aramaic Tat language Russian sign language
Language families A total of 14 language families are native to Russia:
Ainu Chukotko-Kamchatkan Eskimo–Aleut Indo-European Koreanic Mongolic Nivkh Northeast Caucasian Northwest Caucasian Tungusic Turkic Uralic Yeniseian Yukaghir
References
External links Languages of European Russia (Ethnologue) Languages of Asian Russia (Ethnologue) Indigenous Minority Languages of Russia: Bibliographical guide