The 1871 New Zealand general election was held between 14 January and 23 February to elect 78 MPs across 72 electorates to the fifth session of the New Zealand Parliament. 41,527 electors were registered.
Background 1871 was the first general election to include the four Māori electorates, with elections held on 1 and 15 February. The first Māori Members of Parliament had been elected in 1868, but in 1871 three retired and one (Western Maori) was defeated. So in 1871 four new Māori MPs were elected.
In 1866 the secret ballot was introduced for general (European) elections. The 1871 general election was the first one at which it was used. The secret ballot not used in Māori electorates until 1938, thus Māori voters continued to inform a polling officer orally of their chosen candidate.
The date of election is defined here as the day on which the poll took place, or if there was no contest, the day of nomination. The earliest election day was 14 January 1871. The earliest date in the general electorate results table, 13 January 1871, thus represents William Rolleston being declared elected unopposed in the Avon electorate on nomination day. The last election was held on 23 February 1871 in the Franklin electorate.
68 European electorates and 4 Māori electorates were defined by the Representation Act 1870. Six of the general electorates had two representatives, the rest were single member electorates. Hence, 78 MPs were elected. Electorates that were first formed for the 1871 elections were , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , and . 41,527 electors were registered.
Results
Member Electorate Province MP's term Election date Canterbury First Canterbury First Auckland Third Auckland Fourth Auckland Fourth Canterbury Second Otago First Canterbury First Otago First Canterbury First Canterbury Second Canterbury First Hawke's Bay Third Otago First Canterbury First Nelson Second Dunedin Otago Third Dunedin Otago First Otago First Auckland First X-01Eastern Maori First Auckland Third Taranaki First Auckland Second Auckland Third Canterbury First Taranaki Second Canterbury Second Canterbury Third Canterbury First Wellington Fourth Southland First Canterbury Second Peacock, John Thomas Lyttelton Canterbury Second Wellington First Auckland Third Southland Fourth Auckland First a Nelson Fifth Otago Second Hawke's Bay Second Nelson City Nelson First Nelson City Nelson Second Nelson Suburbs Nelson First Taranaki Second Auckland First X-02Northern Maori First Auckland Third Auckland Third Kenny, Courtney Marlborough Second Otago Fifth Wellington Fourth Southland Second Auckland Second Otago Second Canterbury Second X-03Southern Maori First Otago Second Auckland Second Canterbury Fourth Westland First Otago Second Otago Second Auckland First Otago First Marlborough First Wellington Third Wellington First Marlborough Third Otago First Auckland Fourth Otago Third Otago Second Wellington Second Wellington Wellington First Wellington First Wellington Fourth X-04Western Maori First a Unseated on petition.
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