The following is a list of wars fought between Greeks and Persians.
Ancient Greece
+DateWarBelligerentsBelligerentsResultNote(499–323 BC)499–493 BCIonian RevoltGreeksAchaemenid EmpirePersian victoryPersia regains control of Cyprus and Greek cities in Asia MinorBeginning of the first Persian invasion of Greece 492–490 BCFirst Persian invasion of GreeceGreeksAchaemenid EmpireInconclusivePersians capture Thrace and part of Macedon, but they fail to achieve their goalsSparta and Athens remain independent480–479 BCSecond Persian invasion of GreeceGreeksAchaemenid EmpireGreek victoryGreeks expel Persia from Greece;Macedon, Thrace, Ionia and Aegean Islands returned to Greeks479–478 BCGreek counterattackGreeksAchaemenid EmpireGreek victory 477-442 BCWars of the Delian LeagueGreeksAchaemenid EmpireInconclusiveComplete expulsion of the Achaemenid Empire from Europe The Failure of the Greeks in Egypt Autonomy of the Greek cities in Ionia355–328 BCPersian campaign of Alexander the GreatMacedonian EmpireAchaemenid EmpireGreek victoryMacedon annexes Achaemenid EmpireStart of the Hellenistic period
Seleucidih Empire and Greco-Bactrian Kingdom +DateWarBelligerentsBelligerentsResultNote (312–129 BC)280 BCFirst Parni invasion of MargianaSeleucid EmpireParniSeleucid victory The military capabilities of the Parni had been weakened as a result of the Seleucid retaliation and victory.248–246 BCSecond Parni invasion of MargianaSeleucid EmpireParniSeleucid victoryDespite the victory, the Seleucids once again failed to completely neutralize the Parni threat.236–235 BCFirst Seleucid-Parthian warSeleucid EmpireParthian EmpireParthian victorythat Seleucus was forced to acquiesce to Arsaces and leave Parthia to its devices210–208 BCSecond Seleucid-Parthian warSeleucid EmpireParthian EmpireSeleucid victoryParthia becomes a vassal of the Seleucid Empire. The Seleucids annex all of Parthia south of the Kopetdag mountain range187–166 BCThird Seleucid–Parthian WarSeleucid EmpireParthian EmpireParthian victoryParthia gains independence from the Seleucids165–138 BCFourth Seleucid–Parthian WarSeleucid EmpireParthian EmpireParthian victoryParthia captures a large territory in the east and captures the Seleucid Emperor150 BCParthian–Bactrian WarGreco-Bactrian KingdomParthian EmpireParthian victoryDecline of the Greco-Bactrian Kingdom148–129 BCFifth Seleucid–Parthian WarSeleucid EmpireParthian EmpireParthian victoryDecline of the Seleucids, and end of the Hellenistic rule in Iran
Byzantine Empire +DateWarBelligerentsBelligerentsResultNote(AD 440–628)421–422Byzantine-Sasanian War of 421–422Byzantine EmpireSasanian EmpireByzantine victoryStatus quo ante bellum Sasanians stop persecuting Christians on their territory 440Byzantine–Sasanian War of 440Byzantine EmpireSasanian EmpireInconclusiveStatus quo ante bellum Both empires agreed to battle northern nomads (Vandals).502–506Anastasian WarByzantine EmpireSasanian EmpireInconclusiveStatus quo ante bellum Although Byzantium paid a very small amount of money, the Sassanians were forced to retreat without achieving the goals of the war, the tribute that the Persian king wanted to receive from the Romans was not paidByzantine Empire creates a new line of fortifications contrary to the treaty of 422526–532Iberian WarByzantine EmpireSasanian EmpireInconclusiveSasanians retained Iberia, Byzantines retained Lazica541–562Lazic WarByzantine EmpireSasanian EmpireInconclusiveFifty-Year Peace Treaty572–591Byzantine–Sasanian War of 572–591Byzantine EmpireSasanian EmpireByzantine victory Khosrow II restored to the Sasanian throne, Byzantine Empire get most of Sasanian Armenia and western half of Iberia602–628Byzantine–Sasanian War of 602–628Byzantine EmpireSasanian EmpireByzantine victoryStatus quo ante bellum Political and economic crisis of the Sassanids Sasanian Empire coughs up all the damage it has done to the Byzantine Empire Beginning of the Arab conquest of Persia
See also Byzantine–Sasanian Wars Greco-Persian Wars
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