Aliou is both a given name and a surname. Notable people with the name include:
Aliou Badji (born 1997), Senegalese footballer Aliou Siby Badra, Ivorian footballer Aliou Baldé (born 2002), Senegalese footballer Aliou Cissé (born 1976), Senegalese footballer Aliou Coly (born 1992), Senegalese footballer Aliou Dia (born 1990), French footballer Aliou Diarra (born 2001), Malian basketball player Aliou Dieng (born 1997), Malian footballer Aliou Mahamidou (1947–1996), Nigerien businessman Aliou Traoré (born 2001), French footballer Thierno Aliou (c. 1850–1927), Fula author Thierno Aliou Diallo, Guinean politician Mamadou Aliou Keïta (1952–2004), Guinean footballer