Tsarenko is a Ukrainian surname.
Notable people with the surname include:
Aleksandr Tsarenko (born 1967), Russian football manager and former player Anton Tsarenko (born 2004), Ukrainian footballer Kyrylo Tsarenko (born 2000), Ukrainian cyclist Maria Tsarenko (born 1976), Azerbaijani volleyball player Nikita Tsarenko (born 2002), Belarusian footballer