Matania is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
Clelia Matania (1918–1981), Italian actress Edoardo Matania (1847–1929), Italian painter and illustrator Eviatar Matania (born 1966), Israeli professor and government official Fortunino Matania (1881–1963), Italian artist Shaul Matania (1937–2017), Israeli footballer Ugo Matania (1888–1963), Italian artist and illustrator
See also Matania Anantapur railway station, a train station in West Bengal, India