Paraphanius is a genus of killifishes in the family Aphaniidae, which are native to western Asia (including Asia Minor). Several species in the genus have very limited distribution and may be threatened.

Etymology The generic name is derived from , "near", and Aphanius, the genus from which they were split in 2020. It is a sister genus to Aphanius and Aphaniops.

Species There are seven valid species: Paraphanius alexandri (Akşiray, 1948) Paraphanius boulengeri (Akşiray, 1948) Paraphanius mento (Heckel, 1843) (Pearl-spotted killifish) Paraphanius mentoides (Akşiray, 1948) Paraphanius orontis (Akşiray, 1948) Paraphanius similis (Akşiray, 1948) Paraphanius striptus (Goren, 1974)

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