Altenburger is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
Alfred Altenburger (1923–2008), Swiss speed skater Christian Altenburger (born 1957), Austrian classical violinist Fanny Altenburger (born 2000), Austrian actress Karl Altenburger (1909–1978), German racing cyclist Roland Altenburger (born 1948), Swiss rower
See also Altenburger Land, district in Thuringia, Germany