This is a list of orders of battle for the 1414–1415 campaigns of the Ava–Hanthawaddy War (1408–1418), a military war fought between the Burmese-speaking Kingdom of Ava and the Mon-speaking Kingdom of Hanthawaddy.

Background The orders of battles in this article are sourced from the main royal chronicles—the Maha Yazawin, the Yazawin Thit and the Hmannan Yazawin, which primarily narrate the war from the Ava side. For this phase of the war, the Razadarit Ayedawbon and Pak Lat Chronicles, which narrate from the Hanthawaddy perspective, provide almost no details except for the battle of Dala in March 1415.

The military strength figures in this article have been reduced by an order of magnitude from those reported in the chronicles, following G.E. Harvey's and Victor Lieberman's analyses of Burmese chronicles' military strength figures in general.See (Harvey 1925: 333–335)'s "Numerical Note". (Lieberman 2014: 98) writing on the First Toungoo period concurs: "Military mobilizations were probably more of a boast than a realistic estimate. Modern industrial states have difficulty placing 10% of their people under arms."

October–December 1414 Battle of Khebaung (October 1414) For the Battle of Khebaung in October 1414 in the western theater, the Ava force was commanded by Crown Prince Minye Kyawswa, accompanied by Nawrahta of Salin, Thray Sithu of Myinsaing, Yazathingyan of Sagaing, and Min Nyo of Kale. His army of eight regiments (8000 troops, with 200 or 600 cavalry and 40 or 80 elephants, was accompanied by a navy of six flotillas, consisting of a dozen or more warships, 500 war boats, more than 500 armored war boats, and 500 cargo boats, carrying around 13,000 troops in total. The Pegu force was commanded by Smin Ye-Thin-Yan, who was killed in the battle.

Ava Unit Commander Strength Reference(s) Main Strike Force Crown Prince Minye Kyawswa 21,000 troops, 200 (or 600) cavalry, 40 (or 80) elephants, 100+ war boats, 50 cargo boats 1st Army Including: 8 regiments (8000 troops, 200 (or 600) cavalry, 40 (or 80) elephants) Navy 6 flotillas (13,000 troops, 12+ large war boats, 50 war boats, 50+ ironclad war boats, 50 cargo boats)

Hanthawaddy Pegu Unit Commander Strength Reference(s) Khebaung Corps Smin Ye-Thin-Yan

Battle of Panko (October/November 1414) The name of the battle of Panko, which occurred in October or November, is mentioned only in the Razadarit and Yazawin Thit.Fernquest Spring 2006: 19 The Maha Yazawin only cursorily mentions that Smin Bayan was captured in battle but does not say in which battle. The Hmannan describes the battle as part of Minye Kyawswa's southern drive but does not mention the name of the location. The Ava army was commanded by Minye Kyawswa, and the navy by Nawrahta of Salin;Yazawin Thit Vol. 1 2012: 249Hmannan Vol. 2 2003: 24 the Pegu navy was led by Smin Bayan, who surrendered, and its army by Prince Binnya Dhammaraza.

Ava Unit Commander Strength Reference(s) 1st Army Minye Kyawswa Yazawin Thit Vol. 1 2012: 248–249Hmannan Vol. 2 2003: 23–24 Navy Nawrahta of Salin Including:

Hanthawaddy Pegu Unit Commander Strength Reference(s) Hanthawaddy Navy Smin Bayan Including: Panko Regiment Prince Binnya Dhammaraza

Sieges of Bassein and Myaungmya (October/November–December 1414) At the first battles of Bassein and Myaungmya (October/November 1414), the Ava army was again led by Minye Kyawswa;Yazawin Thit Vol. 1 2012: 250–251Hmannan Vol. 2 2003: 25–26 the Pegu defences at Bassein and Myaungmya, which included their own naval flotillas, were led by Dein Mani-Yut and Smin Saw Htut respectively.

Ava Unit Commander Strength Reference(s) 1st Army Minye Kyawswa Yazawin Thit Vol. 1 2012: 250–251Hmannan Vol. 2 2003: 25–26 Navy

Hanthawaddy Pegu Unit Commander Strength Reference(s) Bassein Corps Dein Mani-Yut Myaungmya Corps Smin Saw Htut

The second battles began after Minye Kyawswa returned from Ava, which took 22 days in total. The Ava forces, consisting of three regiments, were commanded by Nawrahta of Salin and Thiri Pyanchi;Hmannan Vol. 2 2003: 27 the Pegu defence at Myaungmya retained Smin Saw Htut, but at Bassein Smin Maw-Khwin II was in charge.

Ava Unit Commander Strength Reference(s) Western Division, 1st Army Nawrahta of Salin 3 regiments Hmannan Vol. 2 2003: 27 ? Regiment Thiri Pyanchi 1st Shan Regiment ? Salin Regiment Nawrahta of Salin

Hanthawaddy Pegu Unit Commander Strength Reference(s) Bassein Corps Smin Maw-Khwin II Myaungmya Corps Smin Saw Htut

Battle of Hsabaga (October 1414) Prince Thihathu attempted to invade down the eastern side of the Irrawaddy and Hlaing rivers through Hsabaga, which was the eastern border demarcation point per the 1403 Treaty of Prome.Maha Yazawin Vol. 1 2006: 326Yazawin Thit Vol. 1 2012: 223Hmannan Vol. 1 2003: 466 At the Battle of Hsabaga (October 1414), Thihathu's army included troops from Hpaunghnin, Mindon (whose lord was killed), Nattaung (whose lord surrendered), and Ahlwe, in addition to his own Ava troops. The chronicles mention only the commanders but do not mention the strength of the second army. The Pegu army and navy was led by Prince Binnya Bassein, aided by Upakaung Minhla Kyawkhaung and Lauk Na-Re.

Ava Unit Commander Strength Reference(s) 2nd Army Thihathu Hpaunghnin Regiment Lord of Hpaunghnin Mindon Regiment Lord of Mindon Nattaung Regiment Lord of Nattaung Ahlwe Regiment Lord of Ahlwe Ava Regiment Thihathu

Hanthawaddy Pegu Unit Commander Strength Reference(s) Army and Navy Prince Binnya Bassein Upakaung Minhla Kyawkhaung Lauk Na-Re

Hanthawaddy invasion towards Toungoo (October 1414) The Pegu force invading towards Toungoo was led by Smin Maw-Khwin of Sayat, who surrendered, and Smin Saw Paik, who died in battle; they faced Thinkhaya I of Toungoo.

Hanthawaddy Pegu Unit Commander Strength Reference(s) Hanthawaddy Army and Navy Smin Maw-Khwin of Sayat Smin Saw Paik Hmannan Vol. 2 2003: 23Fernquest Spring 2006: 26

Ava Unit Commander Strength Reference(s) Toungoo Regiment Thinkhaya I of Toungoo

December 1414–March 1415 According to the main chronicles, the siege of Dala began after Minye Kyawswa returned from Ava, which took 22 days in total. By then, Razadarit had already moved to Martaban (Mottama) since the first half of November from Pegu. The siege of Dala lasted until 2 March 1415. Minye Kyawswa's force included Nanda Thuriya of Sale (né Sittuyingathu) and Nanda Kyawthu of Kinda (né Letwe Nanda Yawda), and was joined after December by Nawrahta of Salin.

All the main chronicles as well as the Razadarit Ayedawbon chronicle say Minye Kyawswa laid siege to Dala, defended by Prince Binnya Dala. However, the Pak Lat chronicle says Minye Kyawswa laid siege to the capital Pegu, which was defended by Prince Binnya Kyan,Pan Hla 2005: 297, footnote 1 the title later worn by Binnya Dala, who was accompanied at the siege by Smin Awa Naing, Smin Sithu, Smin Sam Lek II, Smin Paik-Nye, and Maha Thamun, in addition to regiments from Dagon and Syriam.Yazawin Thit Vol. 1 2012: 252

Ava Unit Commander Strength Reference(s) Main Division, 1st Army Minye Kyawswa Including... Nanda Thuriya of Sale Nanda Kyawthu of Kinda After December, joined by... Western Division, 1st Army Nawrahta of Salin

Hanthawaddy Pegu

Unit Commander Strength Reference(s) Dala Corps Prince Binnya Dala Including... Smin Awa Naing Smin Sithu Smin Sam Lek II Smin Paik-Nye Maha Thamun Dagon Regiment Yazawin Thit Vol. 1 2012: 252 Syriam Regiment

Battle of Dala (13 March 1415) Ava Unit Commander Strength Reference(s) Main Division, 1st Army Minye Kyawswa 4 regiments (2500+ troops, 250+ cavalry, 16+ elephants) Vanguard Regiment Minye Kyawswa 300 troops, 100 (or 300) cavalry, ? elephants Arakan Regiment Lord of Arakan 700 troops, 50 cavalry, 5 elephants Kale Regiment Min Nyo of Kale 1000 (or 500) troops, 70 (or 50) cavalry, 5 elephants Salin Regiment Nawrahta of Salin 1000 troops, 50 cavalry, 5 elephants

Hanthawaddy Pegu Unit Commander Strength Reference(s) Royal Hanthawaddy Army Razadarit 7 regiments (6000+ troops) 1st Vanguard Regiment Binnya Dhammaraza 1000+ (or 2000) troops 2nd Vanguard Regiment Binnya Ran 1000+ troops Right Flank Regiment Dein Mani-Yut 1000+ troops Left Flank Regiment Maha Thamun 1000+ (or 800) troops Royal Regiment Razadarit 1100 (or 2000) troops Rearguard Regiment Smin Awa Naing 200 (or 500) troops Dala Regiment Binnya Dala 1000+ troops

Siege of Fort Sayat (January–March 1415) At the Siege of Fort Sayat, which took place in the east between January and March 1415, the Ava forces of 1000 troops, 50 cavalry, and 5 elephants were led by Thihathu, Thado of Mohnyin, and Tuyin Kyaw.Maha Yazawin Vol. 2 2006: 43Yazawin Thit Vol. 1 2012: 256Hmannan Vol. 2 2003: 36 The Pegu army, of around 500 troops, 30 cavalry, and 5 elephants, was led by Smin Byattaba.

Ava Unit Commander Strength Reference(s) 2nd Army Prince Thihathu 1000 troops, 50 cavalry, 5 elephants 1st Regiment Thihathu 2nd Regiment Thado of Mohnyin 3rd Regiment Tuyin Kyaw

Hanthawaddy Pegu Unit Commander Strength Reference(s) Sayat Regiment Smin Byattaba ~500 troops, 30 cavalry, 5 elephants

April–May 1415 During Minkhaung's invasion of April and May, the royal Ava force was commanded by King Minkhaung I,Maha Yazawin Vol. 2 2006: 52–53Yazawin Thit Vol. 1 2012: 262Hmannan Vol. 2 2003: 46–47 with a strike force of a navy and five regiments co-commanded by Nawrahta of Salin and Min Nyo of Kale. The Pegu force was led by King Razadarit, accompanied by Smin Awa Naing, Smin Sam Lek II, Binnya Dala, and Binnya Set.

Ava Unit Commander Strength Reference(s) Royal Main Army and Navy King Minkhaung I ? Maha Yazawin Vol. 2 2006: 52–53Yazawin Thit Vol. 1 2012: 262Hmannan Vol. 2 2003: 46–47 Main Strike Force Co-commanders: 1st Army 5 regiments Navy ?

Hanthawaddy Pegu

Unit Commander Strength Reference(s) Royal Hanthawaddy Armed Forces King Razadarit Bassein Corps Smin Awa Naing Myaungmya Corps Smin Sam Lek II Dala Regiment Binnya Dala Dagon Regiment Binnya Set Pegu Corps Razadarit

Notes

References

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