List of vertebrate fauna of the Campanian stage

This is an incomplete list that briefly describes vertebrates that were extant during the Campanian, a stage of the Late Cretaceous Period which extended from 83.6 to 72.1 million years before present. Animals that lived in the Campanian include:

Cartilaginous fish

Chimaeriformes

Chimaeras of the Campanian

Taxa Presence Location Description Images

†Amylodon †A. karamysh Campanian – Rupelian Russia Amylodon is an extinct genus of chimaera, it was considered to be a member of Chimaeridae but other studies have assigned it to either "Edaphodontidae" or Rhinochimaeridae.

†Edaphodon † E. mirificus † E. hesperis † E. kawai Cretaceous–Neogene North America Edaphodon is an extinct genus of chimaera. It is sometimes placed in the "Edaphodontidae", an unclearly defined group of chimaera with an uncertain position within the clade.

†Elasmodus † E. greenoughi Cretaceous–Paleogene North America Elasmodus is an extinct genus of chimaera. It is sometimes placed in the "Edaphodontidae".

†Ischyodus †I. bifurcatus Middle Jurassic – Miocene. Russia; USA Ischyodus is an extinct genus of chimaera. It is sometimes placed in the "Edaphodontidae", while other authors place it into the extant Callorhinchidae.

†Hybodontiformes

Hybodonts of the Campanian

Taxa Presence Location Description Images

†Lonchidion †L. selachos †L. griffisi †L. babulskii Ladinian–Maastrichtian †L. selachos: Saskatchewan, Canada; USA †L. griffisi: Wyoming Lonchidion selachos and Lonchidion griffisi were among the latest surviving species of hybodont. Lonchidion species were originally included to the closely related but earlier genus of Lissodus.

†Meristodonoides †M. montanensis Aptian–Maastrichtian Montana and Wyoming, USA Meristodonoides montanensis was one of the latest surviving species of hybodont, it was, along with the type species of its genus, originally described as a species of the earlier genus Hybodus.

Selachimorpha

Sharks of the Campanian

Taxa Presence Location Description Images

†Adnetoscyllium †A. angloparisensis Santonian to Campanian Anglo-Paris Basin, France and the United Kingdom Adnetoscyllium is an extinct monotypic genus of bamboo shark. It can be told apart from most other related genera via its lack of lateral cusplets.

†Anomotodon †A. hermani Early Cretaceous to Eocene Sweden Anomotodon is an extinct genus of shark related to the extant goblin shark. †Archaeotriakis †A. rochelleae †A. ornatus Campanian Judith River Formation, Montana; Bearpaw Formation, Alberta Archaeotriakis is an extinct genus of false catshark. It is known from two species, mainly from isolated teeth.

Chlamydoselachus †C. balli †C. gracilis Campanian-present Northumberland Formation, British Columbia, Canada; Angola A genus of chlamydoselachid sharks, it includes the modern frilled shark and Southern African frilled shark. Carcharias †C. latus Late Cretaceous-present Europe Carcharias is a genus of mackerel sharks belonging to the family Odontaspididae. Once bearing many prehistoric species, all have gone extinct with the exception of the critically endangered sand tiger shark.

†Chiloscyllium †C.missouriense †C. gaemersi Cenomanian to present North America; Europe A genus of bamboo shark. Many species survive to this day. †Cretalamna †C. appendiculata Late Albian-Lutetian (103.13–46.25 mya) North Africa; Middle East; North America Cretalamna is a genus of extinct medium to large-sized shark in the family Otodontidae. It is considered by many to be the ancestor of the largest sharks to have ever lived.

†Cretorectolobus †C. olsoni Hauterivian-Maastrichtian Aguja Formation, Mexico; Dinosaur Park Formation, Alberta; Judith River Formation, Saskatchewan, Canada and Montana, United States; Mesaverde Group, Wyoming; Åsen and Ignaberga, Sweden Cretorectolobus is an extinct carpet shark. The type species is C. olsoni, which existed during the Campanian in Canada and the United States.

†Cretoxyrhina †C. mantelli Albian-Campanian 107.59–73.2 mya North America; Sweden Cretoxyrhina was one of the largest sharks of its time. It had convergently evolved similar appearance and build to the modern great white shark but it was only distantly related within Lamniformes. It was an apex predator in its ecosystem and preyed on a large variety of marine animals including mosasaurs, plesiosaurs, sharks and other large fish, pterosaurs, and occasionally dinosaurs. Cretoxyrhina was also among the fastest-swimming sharks, with hydrodynamic calculations suggesting burst speeds of up to 70 km/h.

†Dykeius †D. garethi Late Campanian Angola; Northumberland Formation, British Columbia, Canada; Antarctica. A very large chlamydoselachid shark and one of the biggest species of Hexanchiformes to have ever lived, might had surpassed lengths of 7 meters. †Komoksodon †K. kwutchakuth Campanian to Selandian Northumberland Formation, Canada; Angola; New Zealand Komoksodon is an extinct genus of hexanchiform shark. It is the only member of the monotypic family Komoksodontidae. †Paraorthacodus †P. andersoni †P. conicus Early Jurassic–Eocene Montana, North America; Sweden Paraorthacodus is an extinct genus of shark. It a member of the family Paraorthacodontidae, though it was formerly regarded as a member of the family Palaeospinacidae, which is either placed in Hexanchiformes or in Synechodontiformes. It is known from over a dozen named species spanning from the Early Jurassic to the Paleocene, or possibly Eocene. Almost all members of the genus are exclusively known from isolated teeth, with the exception of P. jurensis from the Late Jurassic-Early Cretaceous of Europe, which is known from full body fossils from the Late Jurassic of Germany, which suggest that juveniles had a robust body with a round head, while adults had large body sizes with a fusiform profile.

†Pseudocorax †P. affinis †P. granti †P. laevis Cenomanian-Maastrichtian Middle East; Europe; North America Pseudocorax is an extinct genus of mackerel sharks. It contains six valid species. It was formerly assigned to the family Anacoracidae, but is now placed in its own family Pseudocoracidae

†Ptychodus †P. polygyrus Early-Late Cretaceous, 112–75 mya North America Ptychodus is an extinct genus of very large durophagous lamniform shark, previously thought as the largest known hybodont.

†Rolfodon †R. goliath †R. ludvigseni †R. thompsoni Campanian-Late Miocene Angola; Northumberland Formation, British Columbia, Canada; Antarctica. A genus of chlamydoselachid sharks, many species, like the Campanian R. goliath and R. ludvigseni, reached length of above 4 meters.

(†)Scapanorhynchus †S texanus †S. rapax †(?)S. subulatus Albian-Miocene Egypt; Syria; North America Scapanorhynchus is an extinct genus of mitsukurinid shark that lived from the early Cretaceous until possibly the Miocene if S. subulatus is a and not a sand shark. Their extreme similarities to the living goblin shark, Mitsukurina owstoni, lead some experts to consider reclassifying it as Scapanorhynchus owstoni. †Serratolamna †S. serrata †S. khderii Late Cretaceous–Paleocene Europe; North America Serratolamna is an extinct genus of mackerel sharks that is placed in the monotypic family Serratolamnidae.

†Squalicorax †S. falcatus †S. kaupi †S. pristodontus Albian-Maastrichtian Egypt; Europe; North America Squalicorax, commonly known as the "crow shark", is a genus of extinct lamniform shark. Squalicorax was a medium-sized shark, typically measuring about long. The largest specimen of S. pristodontus was signigicantly larger, measuring up to long.

†Squatirhina Late Cretaceous Aguja and Pen Formations of Big Bend National Park, Texas Squatirhina is an extinct genus of cartilaginous fish, possibly an orectolobid carpet shark. †Synechodus †S. turneri †S. filipi Late Triassic–Palaeocene USA; Europe Synechodus is an extinct genus of shark belonging to the family Palaeospinacidae and order Synechodontiformes. It is known from 16 species primarily spanning from the Late Triassic to Paleocene.

Batoidea

Rays of the Campanian

Taxa Presence Location Description Images

†Agaleorhynchus †A. britannicus Middle Santonian to early Campanian Southern England A species of ray in the family Ganopristidae of the suborder Sclerorhynchoidei. Sclerorhynchoids are an extinct suborder of rajiforms that superficially resembled the distantly related sawfishes due to convergence but were more closely related to skates.

†Ankistrorhynchus †A. washakiensis †A. major Lower Santonian to Campanian Mesaverde Formation, Wyoming, USA; New Jersey, USA A genus of sclerorhynchid sawskate. It is known only isolated rostral teeth.

†Ischyrhiza †I. mira †I. avonicola Turonian-Thanetian ~89.3–55.8 mya Africa, the Middle East, North America, and South America A genus of sclerorhynchoid ray. †Protoplatyrhina †P. renae Late Cretaceous, 94.3–66 mya USA An extinct genus of rajiform.

†Ptychotrygon †P. blainensis †P. boothi †P. hooveri †P. triangularis †P. vermiculata Late Cretaceous, 94.3–66 mya USA A genus of ptychotrygonid sclerorhynchoid.

†Rhinobatos †R. primarmatus †R. intermedius †R. tenuirostris †R. latus Tithonian-present

A genus of rhinopristiform rays in the Rhinobatidae family.

†Schizorhiza †S. stromeri Santonian-Maastrichtian Africa, the Middle East, North America, and South America A genus of schizorhizid sclerorhynchoid. †Sclerorhynchus †S. leptodon †S. karakensis Turonian-Maastrichtian Africa, the Middle East, North America, and South America A genus of ganopristid sclerorhynchoid.

Actinopterygii

Basal ray-finned fish of the Campanian

Taxa Presence Location Description Images

†Asarotus Campanian Niobrara Formation, North America Its type species, A. arcanus, is only known from poorly preserved single specimen, which makes hard to classify existing orders of Cretaceous actinopterygians. It was tentatively categorized as a palaeoniscoid but given its recent age and fragmentary nature this placement is unlikely.

Chondrostei

Chondrostei of the Campanian

Taxa Presence Location Description Images

Acipenser Late Cretaceous to present North America Acipenser is a genus of sturgeons. It is the largest genus in the order Acipenseriformes, with 17 living species, others are only known from fossil remains. At least one species, A. albertensis is known from the late Campanian. The genus is paraphyletic, containing all sturgeons that do not belong to Huso, Scaphirhynchus, or Pseudoscaphirhynchus, with many species more closely related to the other three genera than they are to other species of Acipenser.

†Priscosturion Campanian (77.5 mya) Judith River Formation, Montana, USA Priscosturion, initially named Psammorhynchus, is an extinct genus of sturgeon known from one species, P. longipinnis. The fish belongs to the subfamily Priscosturioninae within the larger family Acipenseridae.

Holostei

Holostei of the Campanian

Taxa Presence Location Description Images

Amia Early Cretaceous – present North America A genus of amiids which contains all extant bowfin species.

†Cyclurus Late Cretaceous – Eocene North America An extinct genus of amiids closely related to bowfin species.

Atractosteus Campanian to present Americas A genus of large lepisosteid gars with three extant species.

Lepisosteus Campanian to present North America, Brazil, France A genus of lepisosteid gars. Multiple of its species are still extant.

†Melvius Kirtlandian-Lancian (late Campanian-Maastrichtian) 74.8–66 Ma Kirtland Formation, USA A genus of large vidalamiin relative of bowfins. †Paralepidosteus Albian to Campanian Tanout, Zinder, Niger One of the latest surviving genera of Semionotiformes.

Teleosteomorpha

Teleosts and closely related fish of the Campanian

Taxa Presence Location Description Images †Anomoeodus Albian to Maastrichtian