Wyczółki () is a neighbourhood, and a City Information System area, within the Ursynów district of Warsaw, Poland. It is a mixed area, consisting of residential zones, as well as business office complexes and storage warehouses.
The oldest known records of Wyczółki, then a small village owned by petty nobility, date to 1483. In 1805, the Wyczółki Manor House was built in the area, together with an English landscape garden, now known as the Wyczółki Park. In 1939, the Służewiec Racecourse was opened to the east of Wyczółki, becoming the largest and the most modern horse racing venue in Europe at the time. A portion of the area was incorporated into the city in 1938, while the remaining part, in 1951. Between the 1950s and 1970s, manufacturing industry developed in the area, as part of the industrial district of Służewiec. In the 1990s, it transformed into residential and office spaces.
History
The oldest known records of Wyczółki, then known as Wyczółkowo (spelled as Vyczolkovo), come from 1483.Adam Wolff, Kazimierz Pacuski: Słownik historyczno-geograficzny Ziemi Warszawskiej w średniowieczu. Warsaw: Instytut Historii PAN, 2013, p. 325. ISBN 978-83-63352-17-2. (in Polish) It was a small village owned by petty nobility.Adolf Pawiński: Polska XVI wieku pod względem geograficzno-statystycznym, vol. 5: Mazowsze, Warsaw, 1895, p. 260. (in Polish)
In 1805, castellan Franciszek Krotkowski, the owner of the village, built the Wyczółki Manor House as his residence, placed near Berensewicz Ponds, at the current 53 Łączyny Street. Around them was developed an English landscape garden, now known as the Wyczółki Park.Czesław Łaszek: Przyroda Warszawy. Warsaw: Krajowa Agencja Wydawnicza, 1980, p. 19. (in Polish)
Between 1925 and 1939, the Służewiec Racecourse, was built to the east of Wyczółki, at the current 266 Puławska Street.Encyklopedia Warszawy. Warsaw: Wydawnictwo Naukowe PWN, 1994, p. 614. ISBN 83-01-08836-2. (in Polish)Bronisław Ryś: Budowa i rozwój Służewca Przemysłowego. In: Kronika Warszawy. 3 (7). p. 45. (in Polish) Upon its opening, it became the largest and the most modern horse racing venue in Europe.D. Błaszczyk, Juliusz Żórawski: Przerwane dzieło modernizmu. Warsaw: Wydawnictwo Salix Alba, 2010, p. 104, ISBN 978-83-930937-0-0. (in Polish) It included two tracks, the main turf circuit with the length of 2,300 m, now located within the City Information System area of North Ursynów, and a smaller dirt circuit, with the length of 1,950 m, within Wyczółki.
In 1934, the Warszawa Okęcie railway station was opened near Gorzkiewki Street, to serve the nearby Warsaw Chopin Airport.
Wyczółki was incorporated into the city of Warsaw on 27 September 1938.Rozporządzenie Rady Ministrów z dnia 22 września 1938 r. o przyłączeniu części gmin wiejskich Wilanów i Bródno w powiecie i województwie warszawskim do powiatów południowo-warszawskiego i prasko-warszawskiego w m. st. Warszawie. In: 1938 Journal of Laws. Warsaw. 1938. (in Polish)Marian Marek Drozdowski: Warszawiacy i ich miasto w latach Drugiej Rzeczypospolitej. Warsaw: Wiedza Powszechna, 1973, p. 17. (in Polish) Larger portion of the modern City Information System area of Wyczółki remained outside the city boundaries until it was incorporated on 14 May 1951. During the German occupation of Poland in the Second World War, the Służewiec Racecourse served as an airstrip for the fighter aircraft of the German Air Force. In July 1944, between 600 and 800 soldiers were stationed there.Lesław M. Bartelski: Mokotów 1944. Warsaw: Wydawnictwo Ministerstwa Obrony Narodowej, 1986, p. 198–199. ISBN 83-11-07078-4. (in Polish) On 1 August 1944, on the first day of the Warsaw Uprising, the airstrip was attacked by the Polish resistance partisants from the Karpaty Battalion of the Baszta Regiment Group.Lesław M. Bartelski: Mokotów 1944. Warsaw: Wydawnictwo Ministerstwa Obrony Narodowej, 1986, p. 206–207. ISBN 83-11-07078-4. (in Polish)Adam Borkiewicz: Powstanie warszawskie. Zarys działań natury wojskowej. Warsaw: Instytut wydawniczy PAX, 1969, p. 71. (in Polish) It was unsuccessful, with partisants experiencing heavy casualties. Later that day, in retaliation, captured partisans and a group of civilians from the nearby Służew were executed at the racetrack..
In 1951, the area of Służewiec, Zbarż, and Wyczółki, was designated to become the Industrial and Storage District of Służewiec (Polish: Dzielnica Przemysłowo-Składowa „Służewiec”), later known as Służewiec Przemysłowy (Industrial Służewiec).Bronisław Ryś: Budowa i rozwój Służewca Przemysłowego. In: Kronika Warszawy. 3 (7). p. 45. (in Polish)Józef Kazimierski, Ryszard Kołodziejczyk, Żanna Kormanowa, Halina Rostowska: Dzieje Mokotowa. Warsaw: Państwowe Wydawnictwo Naukowe, 1972, p. 269. (in Polish) It was envisioned to feature 60 factories and industrial plants. The construction began in 1952, and utilised the large panel system technique, marking it as one of the first instances of its usage in Poland. The designated area covered around 2.6 km2 (1 sq mi).Kronika wydarzeń w Warszawie 1945−1958. Warszawskie Kalendarz Ilustrowany 1959, p. 67, 1958. Wydawnictwo Tygodnika Ilustrowanego "Stolica" (in Polish) In the early 1970s, around 20,000 people were employed in the industrial district. In the 1990s, the manufacturing industry left the area, leading to the emergence of residential and office buildings in its place.Paweł Dunin-Wąsowicz. Mordor literacki w serpentynie głupstw. In: Stolica, p. 36, June 2019. (in Polish)Adam Roguski. Mordor na nowo: dla jednych nakłady, dla innych okazje. In: Rzeczpospolita, p. A20, 19–20 June 2019. (in Polish)
In 1995, the Grabów Cemetery, operated by the nearby St. Sophie Barat Church, was opened at Poloneza Street.Grzegorz Kalwarczyk: Przewodnik po parafiach i kościołach Archidiecezji Warszawskiej, vol 2: Parafie warszawskie. Warsaw: Oficyna Wydawniczo-Poligraficzna Adam, 2015, p. 651. ISBN 978-83-7821-118-1. (in Polish)
In 1996, the administrative neighbourhood of Wyczółki, governmened by an elected council, was established as a subdivision of the municipality of Warsaw-Ursynów, which was replaced by the Ursynów district in 2002. Its status was reconfirmed in 2013. In 1998, the district of Ursynów was subdivided into the City Information System areas, with Wyczółki becoming one of them.
Characteristics
Wyczółki is a mixed area, consisting of residential zones, as well as business office complexes and storage warehouses.Studium uwarunkowań i kierunków zagospodarowania przestrzennego miasta stołecznego Warszawy ze zmianami . Warsaw: Warsaw City Council, 1 March 2018, pp. 10–14. (in Polish) A portion of its area, measuring 159 ha,nis administered as the neighbourhood of Wyczółki, governmened by an elected council. Its boundaries are determined to the north by Galopu Street, and Służewiec Racecourse; to the east by Poloneza Street; to the south by Płąsy Street; and to the west by the track of the railway line no. 8.
It includes several bodies of water, such as Grabów Lake in the southeast, and Berensewicz Ponds in the centre, and Wyścigi Pond in the northeast, as well as the Służewiec Stream, Grabów Canal, and Boxer Canal crossing the neighbourhood.Łukasz Gradowski, Kazimierz Banasik: Wpływ zbiornika Staw Berensewicza na redukcję fali wezbraniowej Potoku Służewieckiego . 9 February 2016. (in Polish) The area also features the Wyczółki Park, centred on the Berensewicz Ponds.Kwiryna Handke: Dzieje Warszawy nazwami pisane. Warsaw: Warsaw History Museums, 2011, p. 368, 379. ISBN 978-83-62189-08-3. (in Polish) It includes the Wyczółki Manor House, dating to 1805. The park complex is a private property, closed off to the public.Anna Pawlikowska-Piechotka: Turystyka i wypoczynek w zabytkowych parkach Warszawy. Gdynia: Wydawnictwo Novae Res, 2009, p. 135. ISBN 978-83-61194-88-0. (in Polish)
A secondary dirt circuit of the Służewiec Racecourse, with the length of 1,950 m, is located within the neighbourhood, near Bokserska Street.Encyklopedia Warszawy. Warsaw: Wydawnictwo Naukowe PWN, 1994, p. 614. ISBN 83-01-08836-2. (in Polish) Every year, the venue hosts the Great Warsaw Race, the most prestigious horse race in Poland. The main portion of the race track, including the main circuit, is located outside the boundaries of Wyczółki, in the nearby North Ursynów.
Wyczółki also features the Warszawa Okęcie railway station, located near Gorzkiewki Street, which provides transit links with the nearby Warsaw Chopin Airport.
Additionally, the neighbourhood also has the Grabów Cemetery, which is operated by the nearby St. Sophie Barat Church in Grabów.
Location and boundaries Wyczółki is a City Information System area, located within the north-western portion of the Ursynów district. To the north, its boundary is determined by Bokserska Street, in a straight line north from the eastern end of Bokserska Street to Wyścigowa Avenue, and following it until Służewiec Stream; to the east, by Służewiec Stream, the eastern shore of Wyścigi Pond, the boundary of the Służewiec Racecourse, Wyczółki Street, and Poloneza Street; to the south, by Pląsy Street; and to the west, by the tracks of the railway line no. 8.
The City Information System area borders borders Służew, and Służewiec to the north, North Ursynów to the northeast, Grabów to the southeast, and Okęcie, and Paluch to the west. Its northern and western boundaries form the border of Ursynów with Mokotów to the north, and Włochy to the west.
References