This is a list of orders of battle for the 1412–1414 campaigns of the Ava–Hanthawaddy War (1408–1418). The list includes Ava's campaigns against Hanthawaddy's northern allies, Hsenwi (Theinni) and Maw (Mong Mao) as well as their overlord, Ming China.
Background Sources The orders of battles for Ava in this article are sourced from the main royal chronicles—the Maha Yazawin, the Yazawin Thit and the Hmannan Yazawin, which primarily narrate the war from the Ava side. The orders of battle for Hanthawaddy Pegu are mainly sourced from Nai Pan Hla's version of the Razadarit Ayedawbon, which has incorporated narratives of the Pak Lat Chronicles.
Adjustment of strength figures The military strength figures in this article have been reduced by an order of magnitude from those reported in the chronicles, following G.E. Harvey's and Victor Lieberman's analyses of Burmese chronicles' military strength figures in general.See (Harvey 1925: 333–335)'s "Numerical Note". (Lieberman 2014: 98) writing on the First Toungoo period concurs: "Military mobilizations were probably more of a boast than a realistic estimate. Modern industrial states have difficulty placing 10% of their people under arms."
Ava–Hsenwi and Ming China (1412) Battle of Wetwin (c. April 1412) Hsenwi Unit Commander Strength Reference(s) Hsenwi Army Hkam Hkai Hpa ? Including... son of the sawbwa (Hkam Yawt Hpa?) son-in-law of the sawbwa
Ava Unit Commander Strength Reference(s) Royal Ava Armed Forces Crown Prince Minye Kyawswa 7 regiments (7000 troops, 400 cavalry, 20 elephants) Pakhan Regiment Tarabya I of Pakhan Amyint Regiment Yazathingyan of Amyint Yamethin Regiment Sithu Pauk Hla of Yamethin Kale Regiment Min Nyo of Kale Mohnyin Regiment Thado of Mohnyin Singu Regiment Baya Gamani of Singu Ava Regiment Minye Kyawswa
Siege of Hsenwi (c. May–November 1412) The siege lasted six months.Pan Hla 2005: 278 Ming Chinese forces tried to lift the siege in the fifth month.
Ava Unit Commander Strength Reference(s) Ava Expeditionary Force Crown Prince Minye Kyawswa 7 regiments, approximately (7000 troops, 400 cavalry, 20 elephants) Pakhan Regiment Tarabya I of Pakhan Amyint Regiment Yazathingyan of Amyint Yamethin Regiment Sithu Pauk Hla of Yamethin Kale Regiment Min Nyo of Kale Mohnyin Regiment Thado of Mohnyin Singu Regiment Baya Gamani of Singu Ava Regiment Minye Kyawswa
Hsenwi Unit Commander Strength Reference(s) Hsenwi Army son of the deceased sawbwa (Hkam Yawt Hpa?) ?
Battle of Singandaw (c. October 1412) The Chinese attempt to lift the siege came about five months into the siege. After the Chinese forces were driven back, the siege continued until Hanthawaddy forces attacked Prome.
Ming Chinese Unit Commander Strength Reference(s) Yunnan Expeditionary Force ? 20,000 troops, 2000 cavalry
Ava Unit Commander Strength Reference(s) 1st Division Minye Kyawswa 3 regiments (4000 troops, 300 cavalry, 20 elephants) Left Regiment Right Regiment Central Regiment
Hanthawaddy invasion of Ava (1412–1413) Razadarit launched the invasion 8 November 1412.
Siege of Prome (November 1412)
Hanthawaddy Pegu Unit Commander Strength Reference(s) Royal Hanthawaddy Armed Forces King Razadarit 8 regiments (12,000 troops, 800 cavalry, 30 elephants), 12 flotillas Army Binnya Bassein 8 regiments Navy 12 flotillas
Ava Unit Commander Strength Reference(s) Prome Regiment Letya Pyanchi of Prome
Siege of Prome (December 1412) About one month into the siege, Razadarit took the majority of the invasion force and went to Ye in the southern Martaban province where Siamese forces reportedly had attacked. He left an over 4000-strong army to maintain the siege. Meanwhile, Ava forces led by Minkhaung came down to lift the siege.
Hanthawaddy Pegu Unit Commander Strength Reference(s) Siege Army 4,000+ troops, 400 cavalry, 10 elephants 1st Regiment Smin Than-Kye 2nd Regiment Smin Upakaung 3rd Regiment Smin Sam Lek 4th Regiment Smin Lauk Na-Re 5th Regiment Smin Lauk Shein 6th Regiment Smin Lauk Pin 7th Regiment Smin Saw Kan-Khet 8th Regiment Smin Udein
Ava Unit Commander Strength Reference(s) Royal Main Army King Minkhaung I 7 regiments (7000+ troops, 600 cavalry, 40 elephants) ? Regiment Min Maha Myedu Regiment Lord of Myedu Salin Regiment Nawrahta of Salin Talok Regiment Yazathu of Talok Nyaungyan Regiment Baya Kyawthu of Nyaungyan Taungdwin Regiment Thihapate III of Taungdwin Royal Regiment Minkhaung I
Siege of Talezi (December 1412–March 1413) The siege of the Hanthawaddy fort at Talezi (opposite the river from Prome) lasted "about four months",Yazawin Thit Vol. 1 2012: 241Pan Hla 2005: 281 into March 1413.
Ava This was the expeditionary force that returned from Hsenwi. Only Tarabya's name is specifically mentioned in the battle.Yazawin Thit Vol. 1 2012: 240Hmannan Vol. 2 2003: 11–12
Unit Commander Strength Reference(s) Ava Expeditionary Force Crown Prince Minye Kyawswa 6000 troops, 40 war boats, 80 transport boats Including... Tarabya I of Pakhan
Hanthawaddy Pegu Unit Commander Strength Reference(s) Siege Army 4,000+ troops, 400 cavalry, 10 elephants 1st Regiment Smin Than-Kye 2nd Regiment Smin Upakaung 3rd Regiment Smin Sam Lek 4th Regiment Smin Lauk Na-Re 5th Regiment Smin Lauk Shein 6th Regiment Smin Lauk Pin 7th Regiment Smin Saw Kan-Khet 8th Regiment Smin Udein
Battle of Talezi (March 1413) Razadarit sent in a reconstituted land-naval force to retake Talezi in March 1413. A naval battle took place in the Irrawaddy, south of Talezi.Yazawin Thit Vol. 1 2012: 241–242
Hanthawaddy Unit Commander Strength Reference(s) Navy Lagun Ein Smin Awa Naing (Deputy) 170 war boats, 80 transport boats 1st Squadron Lagun Ein 300 troops 2nd Squadron Smin Awa Naing 3rd Squadron Smin Than-Byat Army Smin Bayan Upakaung 10,000 troops, 2000 cavalry, 100 elephants Including... Binnya Bo Smin Bya Paik (Bya-Hta-Baik) Smin Sam Lek Smin E-Ba-Ye Nyi-Kaung-Thein
Ava Unit Commander Strength Reference(s) Ava Expeditionary Force Minye Kyawswa Pan Hla 2005: 285 Navy 1st Squadron Sokkate 2nd Squadron Thray Sithu of Myinsaing 3rd Squadron Uzana 4th Squadron Sittuyingathu
Ava invasion of Hanthawaddy (1413) Ava forces invaded Hanthawaddy in April–May 1413.
Ava Unit Commander Strength Reference(s) Vanguard Army Minye Kyawswa Including... Prome Regiment Letya Pyanchi of Prome Pakhan Regiment Tarabya I of Pakhan Myedu Regiment Lord of Myedu (Thettawshay of Myedu?) Royal Main Army Minkhaung I
Hanthawaddy Pegu Unit Commander Strength Reference(s) Western Command Dein Mani-Yut Bassein Regiment Myaungmya Regiment ? Khebaung Regiment Southern Central Command Smin Awa Naing Dala Regiment Dagon Regiment Syriam Regiment Capital Region Command Razadarit Including... Hmawbi Regiment Hpaunglin Regiment Smin Bayan Upakaung Za-ywe-ohn Regiment Smin Paik-Nye 400+ troops, 1 elephant 1st Pegu Regiment Binnya Kyan 500 troops, 10 elephants 2nd Pegu Regiment Binnya Dhammaraza 300 troops, 10 elephants 3rd Pegu Regiment Binnya Bassein 300 troops, 10 elephants
Ava–Maw (1413–1414) Chronicles have just one major battle, at Myedu. The battle probably took place in late 1413 (or early 1414).
Battle of Myedu Ava Unit Commander Strength Reference(s) Ava Army Minye Kyawswa 11 regiments (8000 troops, 400 cavalry, 30 elephants)
Maw Unit Commander Strength Reference(s) Maw Army Mawdon Regiment Mawke Regiment
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