List of conflicts in the southern Levant

This is a list of conflicts in the southern Levant arranged chronologically from ancient to modern times. This region has also been referred to historically as the Land of Canaan, the Land of Israel, the Holy Land, the Promised Land, and Palestine. This region has been ruled over by many nations, including the Canaanites, Israelites, Judeans, Romans, Rashidun Caliphates, Crusaders, Ottoman Empire, British Empire, and today, Israel and Palestine. In addition to wars and battles, there may also be periods of violent, civil unrest included in this list, such as: massacres, riots, rebellions, and revolutions.

1050 BCE–551 BCE Started Ended Name of conflict Belligerents Victorious party (if applicable) Defeated party (if applicable) 1025 BCE 1025 BCEBattle of MichmasUnited Kingdom of IsraelJebusites Siege of JebusKingdom of IsraelJebusEarly 9th century BCEarly 9th century BC Battle of Zephath Kingdom of JudahTwenty-second Dynasty of Egypt with Kushite contingentsIsraelite–Aramean War Part of war in the Hebrew Bible736 BCE732 BCESyro-Ephraimite WarNeo-Assyrian EmpireKingdom of JudahKingdom of Aram-Damascus Kingdom of Israel701 BCE701 BCESennacherib's campaign in JudahKingdom of Judah Phoenicia Philistia Supported byKushite EgyptNeo-Assyrian Empire701 BCE701 BCESiege of AzekahNeo-Assyrian EmpireKingdom of Judah 701 BCE 701 BCE Siege of Lachish Neo-Assyrian Empire Kingdom of Judah701 BC701 BCAssyrian siege of JerusalemKingdom of JudahNeo-Assyrian Empire 655 BC 655 BC Fall of Ashdod Part of the Wars of Neo-AssyriaTwenty-sixth dynasty of EgyptNeo-Assyrian Empire609 BC609 BC Battle of Megiddo (609 BC) Part of the Medo-Babylonian conquest of the Assyrian EmpireTwenty-sixth Dynasty of EgyptKingdom of Judah601 BCE586 BCEJudah's revolts against BabylonNeo-Babylonian EmpireSupported by:Kingdom of MoabKingdom of AmmonChaldeaKingdom of JudahSupported by:Twenty-sixth Egyptian dynasty 597 BC 597 BCSiege of Jerusalem (597 BCE) Part of Judah's revolts against Babylon (601–586 BC)Neo-Babylonian EmpireKingdom of Judah589 BC587 BCSiege of Jerusalem (587 BC) Part of the Jewish–Babylonian WarNeo-Babylonian EmpireKingdom of Judah

550 BCE–1 BCE Started Ended Name of conflict Belligerents Victorious party (if applicable) Defeated party (if applicable)336 BC323 BCWars of Alexander the GreatMacedonian Empire Hellenic LeagueAchaemenid Empire332 BC332 BCSiege of GazaPart of the Wars of Alexander the GreatMacedonHellenic LeagueAchaemenid EmpireArab mercenaries322 BC281 BCWars of the DiadochiFirst War (321–319 BC):

Second War (318–316 BC):

Third War (315-311BC):

Babylonian War (311–309 BC):

Fourth War (307–301 BC):First War (321–319 BC):

Second War (318–316 BC):

Third War (315-311 BC):

Babylonian War (311–309 BC):

Fourth War (307–301 BC):312 BC312 BC Battle of Gaza (312 BCE)Part of the Wars of the DiadochiPtolemaicsSeleucidsAntigonids167 BCE141 BCEMaccabean RevoltMaccabeesSeleucid Empire167 or 166 BCE167 or 166 BCE Battle of the Ascent of Lebonah Part of the Maccabean RevoltJudean rebelsSeleucid army166 BC or 165 BC166 BC or 165 BCBattle of Beth Horon (166 BCE) Part of the Maccabean RevoltJudean rebelsSeleucid army165 BC165 BCBattle of Emmaus Part of the Maccabean RevoltMaccabeesSeleucid Empire164 BC164 BCBattle of Beth Zur Part of the Maccabean RevoltMaccabeesSeleucid Empire 163 BCE 163 BCE Maccabee campaigns of 163 BC Part of the Maccabean RevoltMaccabean rebelsSeleucid Empire163 BCE163 BCEBattle of Dathema Part of the Maccabean RevoltMaccabeesSeleucid Empire162 BC162 BCBattle of Beth Zechariah Part of the Maccabean RevoltMaccabean armySeleucid Empire161 BC161 BCBattle of Adasa Part of the Maccabean RevoltJewish rebelsSeleucid Empire160 BCE160 BCEBattle of Elasa Part of the Maccabean RevoltSeleucid EmpireMaccabean rebels 107 BCE 88 BCE Civil War of Ptolemy Lathyros Egypt (Ptolemy IX Soter) Cyprus Phoenicia Egypt (Cleopatra III) Judea (103–93) Nabatea (103–93)93 BC93 BCBattle of GadaraNabataean KingdomHasmonean dynasty93 BCE87 BCEJudean Civil War Part of the Pharisee-Sadducee conflictSadduceesPharisees:Seleucid Empire (89-88 BCE)67 BCE63 BCEHasmonean Civil War Part of the Pharisee-Sadducee conflict Part of the Third Mithridatic WarHyrcanus supporters:PhariseesNabataean kingdomAristobulus supporters:SadduceesMercenaries

Roman Republic63 BC63 BCSiege of Jerusalem (63 BCE) Part of the Hasmonean civil warRoman RepublicHasmonean Kingdom37 or 36 BC37 or 36 BCSiege of Jerusalem (37 BCE) Part of the Antony's Parthian WarHerodian dynastyRoman RepublicHasmonean dynasty

1–999 Started Ended Name of conflict Belligerents Victorious party (if applicable) Defeated party (if applicable)66 CE66 CE Jerusalem riots of 66Roman governor Gessius FlorusJewish residents of Jerusalem66 AD74 ADFirst Jewish–Roman WarPart of the Jewish–Roman warsRoman EmpireJudean provisional government Supported by: Adiabene volunteers

Peasantry faction Idumeans

Radical factions: Zealots Idumeans

Sicarii70 CE70 CESiege of Jerusalem (70 CE)Part of the First Jewish–Roman WarRoman EmpireJewish rebels116 CE118 CEKitos WarPart of the Second Jewish–Roman WarRoman EmpireJews132 AD136 ADBar Kokhba revoltPart of the Jewish–Roman warsRoman EmpireJews of Judaea351AD352 ADJewish revolt against Constantius GallusPart of the Roman civil war of 350–353Roman EmpireJews of Israel484573Samaritan revoltsByzantine Empire Dux Palaestinae troops Arcadiani GhassanidsByzantine–Sasanian War of 602–628Part of the Roman–Persian warsByzantine Empire Western Turkic KhaganateSasanian Empire Avars Sasanian Iberia Jewish and Samaritan rebels614614Siege of Caesarea Maritima (614)Part of the Byzantine–Sasanian War of 602–628Byzantine EmpireSasanian Empire614 CE617/625 CEJewish revolt against HeracliusPart of the Byzantine–Sasanian War of 602–628Byzantine EmpireSasanian EmpireJewish allies614 CE614 CESasanian conquest of JerusalemPart of the Jewish revolt against Heraclius Part of the Byzantine–Sasanian War of 602–628Byzantine EmpireSasanian EmpireAnti-Heraclian Jews634 CE638 CEMuslim conquest of the LevantPart of the Arab–Byzantine warsRashidun CaliphateByzantine EmpireGhassanids Tanukhids Banu Judham Banu Lakhm

1000–1499 Started Ended Name of conflict Belligerents Victorious party (if applicable) Defeated party (if applicable)10961099First CrusadePart of the CrusadesCrusader armiesArmy of Raymond of Saint-GillesArmy of Godfrey of BouillonArmy of Robert CurthoseArmy of Robert II of FlandersArmy of Hugh the GreatArmies of Bohemond of TarantoArmies of the People's CrusadeByzantine EmpireMuslim StatesSeljuk EmpireEmirate of RumDanishmendidsFatimid Caliphate10991099 Siege of Jerusalem (1099)Part of the First CrusadeCrusadersFatimid Caliphate11011101Battle of Ramla (1101)Part of the CrusadesKingdom of JerusalemFatimid Caliphate11021102Battle of Ramla (1102)Part of the CrusadesFatimid CaliphateKingdom of Jerusalem11041104 Siege of Acre (1104)Part of the CrusadesKingdom of JerusalemRepublic of GenoaFatimid Caliphate11221124 Venetian CrusadePart of the CrusadesRepublic of VeniceKingdom of JerusalemCounty of TripoliFatimid CaliphateSeljuk EmpireBurid dynasty11471150Second CrusadePart of the Crusades and the Reconquista11771177Battle of MontgisardPart of the CrusadesKingdom of Jerusalem Knights TemplarAyyubid dynasty11791179Battle of Marj AyyunPart of the CrusadesAyyubid DynastyKingdom of JerusalemKnights Templar11791179 Battle of Jacob's FordPart of the CrusadesAyyubid DynastyKingdom of Jerusalem11821182Battle of Belvoir CastlePart of the CrusadesKingdom of JerusalemAyyubid Dynasty11831183Battle of Al-FulePart of the CrusadesKingdom of JerusalemAyyubids11871187 Battle of CressonPart of the CrusadesAyyubidsKnights TemplarKnights HospitallerKingdom of Jerusalem11871187Battle of HattinPart of the Wars of the Crusader States Ayyubid Sultanate Kingdom of Jerusalem County of Tripoli Knights Templar Principality of Antioch Knights Hospitaller Order of St. Lazarus Order of Mountjoy118711871187 Siege of JerusalemAyyubid SultanateKingdom of JerusalemKnights HospitallerKnights TemplarOrder of St. LazarusOrder of MountjoyCounty of Tripoli11921192 Third CrusadePart of the Crusades11971198Crusade of 1197Part of the Crusades Kingdom of Cyprus Duchy of Brabant Duchy of Austria Landgraviate of Thuringia County Palatine of the Rhine Duchy of Merania Bishopric of Passau Bishopric of Hildesheim Bishopric of Halberstadt County of GoriziaAyyubids12021204Fourth CrusadePart of the CrusadesCrusaders from:In Europe: 12271229 Sixth CrusadePart of the CrusadesHoly Roman EmpireTeutonic KnightsKingdom of SicilyAyyubids of EgyptAyyubids of Damascus12281243War of the LombardsKingdom of CyprusAnti-Imperial faction in the Kingdom of Jerusalem Acre Beirut Arsuf CaesareaRepublic of GenoaKnights TemplarPapacyHoly Roman EmpirePro-Imperial faction in the Kingdom of Jerusalem Tyre JerusalemPrincipality of Antioch and County of TripoliRepublic of PisaKnights HospitallerTeutonic Knights12441244Siege of Jerusalem (1244) As-Salih Ayyub Kingdom of Jerusalem12481254Seventh CrusadePart of the Crusades Khwarazmians12561270War of Saint SabasRepublic of VeniceSupported:County of Jaffa and AscalonKnights TemplarRepublic of GenoaSupport:Philip of MonfortJohn of ArsufKnights HospitallerByzantine Empire1271May 1272Ninth CrusadePart of the Crusades Bahris12911291Siege of Acre (1291)Mamluk Sultanate Ayyubid remnant emirate of Hama

1500–1899 Started Ended Name of conflict Belligerents Victorious party (if applicable) Defeated party (if applicable)15161517Second Ottoman–Mamluk WarPart of the Ottoman wars in the Near East Ottoman Empire Mamluk defectors16581667Druze power struggle (1658–1667) Ottoman Empire Ottoman Syria Pro-Ottoman Druze clans Ma'n dynasty1730s1775Zahir al-Umar revolt Ottoman EmpireEmirate of Palestine17981801French campaign in Egypt and Syria Part of the War of the Second Coalition Mamluks

Irregular and auxiliary forces: Nablus tribesmen Bedouin tribesmen Albanian bashi-bazouks179917991799 Siege of JaffaPart of the French invasion of Egypt and Syria during the War of the Second Coalition French Republic179917991799 Siege of AcrePart of the French Campaign in Egypt and Syria during the War of the Second Coalition Great Britain French Republic179917991799 Battle of Mount TaborPart of the French Campaign in Egypt and Syria during the War of the Second Coalition French Republic Mamluks Nablus Tribesman18311833First Egyptian–Ottoman WarPart of the campaigns of Muhammad Ali of Egypt EgyptSupported by: Shihab dynasty Soran Emirate Ottoman Empire (1833)18341835Syrian Peasant RevoltPart of the campaigns of Muhammad Ali of Egypt EgyptAlawite clansUrban notables of:NablusJerusalemHebronSafed183818381838 Druze revoltPart of the Campaigns of Muhammad Ali of Egypt Egypt Eyalet Shihab's forces supported by: Anaza tribe Wuld Ali tribe Sulut tribe of Laja (since March 1838)Druze clans supported by: Sulut tribe of Laja (until March 1838) Maydan quarter of Damascus18391841Second Egyptian–Ottoman WarPart of the campaigns of Muhammad Ali of Egypt Ottoman EmpireAllies: United Kingdom Austria Russia Prussia EgyptAllies: Spain186018601860 Syrian Civil WarRural Druze clans Abu Nakad clan Imad clan Talhuq clan Jumblatt clan Supported by: al-Atrash clan Harfush clan Rural Sunni and Shia Muslim militiamen Sardiyah tribe Ottoman governmentMaronites and allies Rural Maronite militiamen Zahalni militiamen Shihab dynasty Supported by: French expeditionary forces

1900–1999 Started Ended Name of conflict Belligerents Victorious party (if applicable) Defeated party (if applicable) 1915 1918 Sinai and Palestine campaign Part of the Middle Eastern theatre of World War I 1916 1918 Arab Revolt Part of the Middle Eastern theatre of World War ISupported by: Supported by: 1918 1918 Battle of Megiddo (1918) Part of the Middle Eastern theatre of World War I

Hejaz 1920 1948 Intercommunal conflict in Mandatory Palestine Battle of Tel Hai 1920 Jerusalem riots