This is the list of battles involving the Rashidun Caliphate ranked chronologically from 632, with the first caliph Abu Bakr As-Siddiq, to the last caliph in 661, Ali ibn Abi Talib.
Here is a legend to facilitate the reading of the outcomes of the battles below:
*e.g. result unknown or indecisive/inconclusive, result of internal conflict inside the Rashidun Caliphate, status quo ante bellum, or a treaty or peace without a clear result. Abu Bakr As-Siddiq (632–634)
Battle Date Opponents Result Sources Start End Wars of ApostasyBattle of Zhu Qissa July 25, 632 July 30, 632Rebel apostatesVictory,,Battle of AbraqMid-August 632Rebel apostatesVictoryibn Jarir al-Tabari, Muhammad (1993). The History of al-Tabari Vol. 10: The Conquest of Arabia: The Riddah Wars A.D. 632-633/A.H. State University of New York Press. p. 244. ISBN 978-0791410721.,Akram, Agha Ali Ibrahim (2009). Sword of Allah: Khalid Bin Al-waleed, His Life and Campaigns. Adam Publishers & Distributors. p. 504. ISBN 978-8174355218.Battle of BuzakhaSeptember 632Rebel apostatesVictory,,Battle of ZafarOctober 632 Rebel apostatesVictory,,Battle of Ghamra632Rebel apostatesVictory,,Battle of Daumat-ul-JandalJune 14, 633September 10, 633Rebel apostatesVictory,,Battle of DibbaNovember 633 Rebel apostatesVictory,,Battle of Al-Yamama 633Rebel apostatesVictory,,Battle of Nujair633 Rebel apostatesVictory,,Battle of Naqra632633Rebel apostatesVictory,, Muslim conquest of PersiaBattle of the Chains / KazimaApril 633 Sassanian Empire Arab ChristiansVictory,,Battle of the RiverApril 633 Sassanian Empire Arab ChristiansVictory,,Battle of WalajaMay 633 Sassanian Empire Arab ChristiansVictory,,Battle of Husayd 633 Sassanian Empire Arab ChristiansVictory,,Battle of UllaisMay 633 Sassanian Empire Arab ChristiansVictory,The War of the Three Gods by Peter Crawford - 2013 / ,Siege of Al-HiraMay 633 Sassanian Empire Arab ChristiansVictory,,Siege of al-Anbar July 633 Sassanian Empire Arab ChristiansVictory,,Battle of Ayn al-TamrJuly 633 Sassanian Empire Arab ChristiansVictory,,The Oxford Handbook of Iranian History by Touraj Daryaee - 2012 / Battle of MuzayyahNovember 633 Sassanian Empire Arab ChristiansVictory,,Battle of Muzieh November 633 Sassanian Empire Arab ChristiansVictoryABDULLAH OCALAN by Hamma Mirwaisi - 2020 / ,The History of the Kurdish People by Hamma Mirwaisi - 2020 / ,Battle of SanniNovember 633 Sassanian Empire Arab ChristiansVictory,,Battle of ZumailNovember 633 Sassanian Empire Arab ChristiansVictory,,Battle of FirazDecember 633 Sassanian Empire Byzantine Empire Arab ChristiansVictory,,1st Battle of BabylonJune 634July 634 Sassanian EmpireVictory,, Byzantine–Arab WarsExpedition of Usama bin ZaydJune 632 Byzantine Empire Ghassanid KingdomVictory,,Expedition of Khalid ibn Sa'idJuly 632 - early 634 Byzantine Empire Arab ChristiansDefeat,, Battle of DathinFebruary 4, 634 Byzantine EmpireVictory,,Battle of Marj RahitApril 24, 634 Ghassanid Kingdom Byzantine EmpireVictory,,Battle of al-QaryataynJune 634 Ghassanid KingdomVictoryA.I. Akram, The Sword of Allah: Khalid bin al-Waleed, His Life and Campaigns, Nat. Publishing. House, Rawalpindi (1970) .Battle of Sanita-al-Uqab634 Byzantine EmpireVictoryThe History of al-Tabari Vol. 26: The Waning of the Umayyad Caliphate.Battle of BosraJune–July 634 Ghassanid Kingdom Byzantine EmpireVictory Donner, Fred (1982). The Early Islamic Conquests. Princeton University Press. p. 143-145. .,Peterson, Leif Inge Ree (2013). Siege Warfare and Military Organization in the Successor States (400-800 AD). Brill. p. 643. ,Abel, A. (1986). "Bosra". Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition, Volume 1. Brill Battle of AjnadaynJuly 30, 634August 634 Byzantine EmpireVictory,,Battle of FahlDecember 634January 635 Byzantine EmpireVictory,,
Umar ibn al-Khattab (634–644)
Battle Date Opponents Result Sources Start End Muslim conquest of PersiaBattle of Namaraq634 Sassanian EmpireVictory,,Battle of Kaskar634 Sassanian EmpireVictory,,Battle of Saqatia 634 Sassanian EmpireVictory,,Battle of the BridgeOctober 13, 634 Sassanian EmpireDefeat,,Battle of BuwaibNovember 635 Sassanian EmpireVictory,,Battle of al-QadisiyyaNovember 16, 636November 19, 636 Sassanian EmpireVictory,, Battle of Burs636 Sassanian EmpireVictory,,2nd Battle of BabylonDecember 636 Sassanian EmpireVictory,,Battle of Sura636637 Sassanian EmpireVictory,,Battle of Deir Kab636637 Sassanian EmpireVictory,,Battle of Kusa January 637 Sassanian EmpireVictory,,Siege of CtesiphonJanuary 637March 637 Sassanian EmpireVictory,,Battle of JalulaApril 637 Sassanian EmpireVictory,,First Hormizd-Ardashir battle637/38 Sassanian EmpireVictoryJalalipour, Saeid (2014). The Arab Conquest of Persia: The Khūzistān Province before and after the Muslims Triumph (PDF). SasanikaSecond Hormizd-Ardashir battle638 Sassanian EmpireVictoryJalalipour, Saeid (2014). The Arab Conquest of Persia: The Khūzistān Province before and after the Muslims Triumph (PDF). SasanikaRam-Hormizd battlebetween 638 and 641 Sassanian EmpireVictoryJalalipour, Saeid (2014). The Arab Conquest of Persia: The Khūzistān Province before and after the Muslims Triumph (PDF). SasanikaBattle of Nahavand642 Sassanian EmpireVictory,,Siege of Gundishapur642 Sassanian EmpireVictoryJalalipour, Saeid (2014). The Arab Conquest of Persia: The Khūzistān Province before and after the Muslims Triumph (PDF). Sasanika.Siege of Shushtar641642 Sassanian EmpireVictory,,Battle of Ispahan642 Sassanian EmpireVictory,,Battle of Waj Rudh643 Sassanian EmpireVictory,,Battle of Bayrudh643/4 Sassanian EmpireVictoryDaryaee, Touraj (2012). The Oxford Handbook of Iranian History. Oxford University Press. pp. 1–432. ISBN 978-0199875757. Archived from the original on 2019-01-01. Retrieved 2015-01-04.Battle of Bishapur (643–644)643–644 Sassanian EmpireVictoryPeter Crawford (2014), "The War of the Three Gods: Romans, Persians and the Rise of Islam", Skyhorse Publishing. ISBN 978-1629145129.,Hugh N. Kennedy (2007), "The great Arab conquests", Da Capo Press. ISBN 978-0306815850.Conquest of Sistan643–665 Sassanian Empire Nezak HunsVictory Marazi, Hamiddulah (1998). "Sistan's Transition to Islam in Historical Perspective". Proceedings of the Indian History Congress. 59: 914. ISSN 2249-1937. JSTOR 44147064. Sistan was invaded and conquered by expeditions dispatched from Kirman. The Muslim conquest of Sistan began in23 (643'644), when Asim b. Amr and Abdullah b. Umair made an incursion into the land and besieged Zaran Byzantine–Arab WarsBattle of Marj al-DibajSeptember 634 Byzantine EmpireVictoryGibbon, Edward (2008). The History of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire, Volume 5. Cosimo, Inc. ISBN 9781605201276.,Akram, A.I. (1970). The Sword of Allah: Khalid bin al-Waleed, His Life and Campaigns. Rawalpindi: National Publishing House. ISBN 0-7101-0104-X. Archived from the original on 2004-12-10. Retrieved 2008-01-01.Siege of DamascusSeptember 634September 4, 635 Byzantine EmpireVictory,,Battle of Marj al-SaffarJanuary 23, 635 Byzantine EmpireVictory,,Battle of Marj ar-RumMarch 635 Byzantine EmpireVictory,,1st Siege of Emesa / HomsDecember 635January 636 Byzantine EmpireVictory,,Battle of YarmoukAugust 15, 636August 20, 636 Byzantine Empire Ghassanid KingdomVictory,,Siege of JerusalemJanuary 637End of April 637 Byzantine EmpireVictory,,Battle of Qinnasrin637 Byzantine EmpireVictory,,Battle of HazirJune 637 Byzantine EmpireVictory,ʻUmar ibn Aḥmad Ibn al-Adim, Kamal al-Din. Zubdat al-Halab fi ta'arikh Halab I.,Al-Tabari, Muhammad (1991). The History of Al-Tabari Vol. 3 The Children of Israel. SUNY Press. ISBN 0791406873. Retrieved 21 June 2022.,Al-Tabari, Muhammad (1992). The History of Al-Tabari Vol. 12 The Battle of Al-Qadisiyyah and the Conquest of Syria and Palestine A.D. 635-637/A.H. 14-15. SUNY Press. ISBN 9780791407349. Retrieved 21 June 2022.Siege of AleppoJune 637October 637 Byzantine EmpireVictory,,Battle of the Iron BridgeOctober 30, 637 Byzantine EmpireVictory,,2nd Siege of Emesa / Homs638 Byzantine EmpireVictory,,Siege of Latakia / Laodicea638 Byzantine EmpireVictory,,Siege of GermaniciaAutumn 638 Byzantine EmpireVictory,,Siege of PelusiumEnd of 639Early 640 Byzantine EmpireVictory,,Siege of BilbeisMarch 640 Byzantine EmpireVictory,,Battle of HeliopolisJuly 640 Byzantine EmpireVictory,,Siege of Babylon FortressOctober 640 April 6, 641 Byzantine EmpireVictory,,Siege of AlexandriaJune 641November 641 Byzantine EmpireVictory,, Indo-Muslim WarsBattle of RasilEarly 644 Rai DynastyVictory,, Muslim-Makurian WarsFirst Battle of Dongola642 Kingdom of MakuriaDefeat,,
Uthman ibn Affan (644–656)
Battle Date Opponents Result Sources Start End Muslim conquest of PersiaBattle of Kerman644 Sassanian EmpireVictory Naseer Dashti (2012). The Baloch and Balochistan: A Historical Account from the Beginning to the Fall of the Baloch State. [s.l.]: Trafford Publishing. ISBN 9781466958951.,Xavier de Planhol; Bernard Hourcade [in French]. "Kerman: Historical Geography". Encyclopædia Iranica. Archived from the original on 17 November 2016. Retrieved 15 February 2017.Battle of Istakhr650-651 Sassanian EmpireVictory Iran by Andrew Burke https://books.google.co.ma/books?id=gEca_4iSNCUC&dq=conquest+estakhr&pg=PA269&redir_esc=yBattle of Ray (651)651 Sassanian EmpireVictoryPourshariati, Parvaneh (2008). Decline and Fall of the Sasanian Empire: The Sasanian-Parthian Confederacy and the Arab Conquest of Iran. London and New York: I.B. Tauris. ISBN 978-1-84511-645-3.Battle of Oxus River651 Sassanian Empire Göktürk KhaganateVictoryThe Journal, Volume 11. Asiatic Society of Bombay. 1969. pp. 213, 214.,The Muslim Conquest of Persia By A.I. Akram. Ch:17 ISBN 0-19-597713-0,Battle of Nishapur652 Rebels of the House of KarenVictory,,Siege of Herat652 Rebels of the House of Karen HephthalitesVictory,,Battle of Badghis654 Rebels of the House of Karen HephthalitesVictoryPourshariati, Parvaneh (2008). Decline and Fall of the Sasanian Empire: The Sasanian-Parthian Confederacy and the Arab Conquest of Iran. London and New York: I.B. Tauris. ISBN 978-1-84511-645-3. Byzantine–Arab WarsSiege of Theodosiopolis645/646 Byzantine EmpireKhazar KhaganateVictoryCanard, Marius & Cahen, Claude (1960). "Armīniya". In Gibb, H. A. R.; Kramers, J. H.; Lévi-Provençal, E.; Schacht, J.; Lewis, B. & Pellat, Ch. (eds.). The Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition. Volume I: A–B. Leiden: E. J. Brill. pp. 634–640. doi:10.1163/1573-3912_islam_COM_0064. OCLC 495469456.Siege of Dvin645/646 Byzantine EmpireVictoryCanard, Marius & Cahen, Claude (1960). "Armīniya". In Gibb, H. A. R.; Kramers, J. H.; Lévi-Provençal, E.; Schacht, J.; Lewis, B. & Pellat, Ch. (eds.). The Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition. Volume I: A–B. Leiden: E. J. Brill. pp. 634–640. doi:10.1163/1573-3912_islam_COM_0064. OCLC 495469456.Battle of Nikiou 646 Byzantine EmpireVictory,,Battle of Sufetula 647 Byzantine EmpireVictory,,Battle of the Masts655 Byzantine EmpireVictory,, Muslim-Makurian WarsSecond Battle of Dongola651652 Kingdom of MakuriaDefeat,, First Khazar-Arab WarBattle of Balanjar (652)652Khazar KhaganateDefeat
Ali ibn Abi Talib (656–661)
Battle Date Opponents Result Sources Start End First FitnaBattle of the Camel4 December 656 Uthmaniyya of AishaVictory,,Battle of Siffin July 657 Umayyad SyriaIndecisive,,Battle of Nahrawan17 July 658 KharijitesVictory,,
References
Sources
The Rashidun Caliphate by le Sultan-ul-Ashiqeen Sultan Mohammad Najib-ur-Rehmn - 2022 History of Islam: Classical period, 571-1258 C.E by Masudul Hasan - 1998 Decline of Muslim States and Societies by Misbah Islam - 2008 The Sword of Allah by A. I. Akram - 2006 Cults by Natacha Tormey - 2017 ABU BAKR AL -SEDDEQ THE FIRST CALIPH by MOHAMMAD RIDA - 2008 The Yemen in Early Islam (630-847) by Abd al Muhsin Mad'aj Mad'aj, ʿAbd-al-Muhsin M. Al-Mad'aj, Abd al-Muhsin Madʼaj M. Madʼaj, Abd al Muhsin Mad'aj al- Mad'aj Abd - 1988 Concise History of Islam by Muzaffar Husain Syed, Syed Saud Akhtar, B D Usmani - 2011