This is a list of the most distant individually seen stars discovered, a list of the most distant stars that are separately known, resolved as individual stars, or as multiple star systems. It is not a list of sources that should contain stars that are distant but no separate stars within that source are separately known, such as unresolved stars in star clusters, galaxies, galaxy clusters.

Distances to stars may be determined through parallax measurements, use of standard references such as cepheid variables or Type Ia supernovas to the object in which the star resides, or redshift measurement. Spectroscopic redshift measurement is preferred, while photometric redshift measurement is also used to identify candidate high redshift sources. The symbol z represents redshift.

Most distant stars

+List of most distant individually seen starsStarRedshiftDistance (Mpc)DiscoveryNotesEarendel8,6002022The most distant known star Most likely a star cluster.MACS J0647.7+7015 LS14.87,8302023MACS J0647.7+7015 LS2Hedorah 32026Abell 2744 LS12.656,1102022Godzilla2.385,7802022The most luminous known star.Quyllur2.18785,5402023First red supergiant at cosmological distances.Mothra2.0915,4002023A binary consisting of a yellow supergiant or yellow hypergiant and a Blue supergiant.Icarus 1.494,4102018The most distant known star prior to the discovery of Earendel.Warhol0.94 3,0002014Transient, extremely luminous O-type star or a Large Wolf-Rayet star AT 2022zmn 0.019 84 2022 Luminous blue variable. AT 2022oku 0.018 79 2022 Luminous blue variable. AT 2018kle 0.012505 55 2018 Luminous blue variable.SDSS J1229+11220.000127172013 Blue supergiant.

List of most distant stars by type

+List of most distant stars by typeType StarDistance Date Notes Ref. Most distant, any type Earendel (WHL0137-LS) z=6.2 2022 This star is gravitationally lensed Most distant cepheid variable P42 This cepheid is located in galaxy NGC 5468

List of most distant stars by event type

+List of most distant stellar events Type Event Distance Date Notes Most distant gamma ray burst (GRB) GRB 090423 z=8.2 2009 At the time of discovery, this was the most distant known object found so far.

Timeline of most distant star recordholders

The succession of the most distant directly observed stars.

Stars in these lists were found to be the most distant star at the time of determination of their distance. This is frequently not the same as the date of their discovery.

+ Most distant star titleholders StarTypeDateDistance thenestimated NotesRefs. Earendel (WHL0137-LS) 2022– z=6.2 Earendel: redshift z=6.2; light-travel distance ; comoving distance ; This star is gravitationally lensed Icarus (MACS J1149+2223 LS1) B-I (blue supergiant) 2018−2022 z=1.49 Icarus: redshift z=1.5; light-travel distance ; This star is gravitationally lensed

Arcturus (Alpha Bootis) Solitary star 1891−1910 160 ly (18 mas) (this was very inaccurate, true=37 ly) This number is wrong; originally announced in 1891, the figure was corrected in 1910 to 40 ly (60 mas).From 1891 to 1910, it had been thought this was the star with the smallest known parallax, hence the most distant star whose distance was known.Prior to 1891, Arcturus had previously been recorded of having a parallax of 127 mas. Hawera & Normanby Star, "Items of Interest", 29 December 1910, Volume LX, page 3 . Retrieved 25 March 2010.Evening Star (San Jose), "Colossal Arcturus", Pittsburgh Dispatch, 10 June 1910 . Retrieved 25 March 2010.Nelson Evening Mail, "British Bloodthirstiness", 2 November 1891, Volume XXV, Issue 230, Page 3 . Retrieved 25 March 2010. Capella (Alpha Aurigae) Solitary star 1849− 72 ly (46 mas) "The Three Heavens", Josiah Crampton, William Hunt and Company (1876), p.164 Kosmos: Entwurf einer physischen Weltbeschreibung, Volume 4, Alexander von Humboldt, J. G. Cotta (1858), p.195"Outlines of Astronomy", John F. W. Herschel, Longman & Brown (1849), ch. 'Parallax of Stars', p.551 (section 851) Polaris (Alpha Ursae Minoris) Variable star, solitary star 1847−1849 50 ly (80 mas) (this was very inaccurate, true=~375 ly) The Sidereal Messenger, "Of the Precession of the Equinoxes, Nutation of the Earth's Axis, And Aberration of Light", Vol.1, No.12, April 1847: 'Derby, Bradley, & Co.' Cincinnati Vega (Alpha Lyrae) Star (part of a double star pair) 1839−1847 7.77 pc (125 mas) The North American Review, "The Observatory at Pulkowa", FGW Struve, Volume 69 Issue 144 (July 1849) 61 Cygni Binary star 1838−1839 3.48 pc (313.6 mas) This was the first star other than the Sun to have its distance measured. SEDS, "Friedrich Wilhelm Bessel (July 22, 1784 – March 17, 1846)" . Retrieved 11 November 2009.Harper's New Monthly Magazine, "Some Talks of an Astronomer", Simon Newcomb, Volume 0049 Issue 294 (November 1874), pp.827 (accessed 2009-Nov-11) Sun Solitary star 3rd century BC – 1609 380 Earth radii(very inaccurate, true=16000 Earth radii) Aristarchus of Samos made a measurement of the distance of the Sun from the Earth in relation to the distance of the Moon from the Earth.The distance to the Moon was described in Earth radii (20, also inaccurate).The diameter of the Earth had been calculated previously.At the time, it was assumed that some of the planets were further away, but their distances could not be measured.The order of the planets was conjecture until Kepler determined the distances from the Sun of the five known planets other than Earth.It had been conjectured that the fixed stars were much farther away than the planets.

Timeline of most distant star outburst recordholders

The succession of most distant separately known star explosion

Stars in these lists were found to be the most distant star at the time of determination of their distance. This is frequently not the same as the date of their discovery. These stars are known by having a singular event occur at the star, such as a supernova.

+ Most Distant Star Outburst Titleholders Event Type Date Distance Notes GRB 090423 Gamma-ray burst 2009– z=8.2 At the time of discovery, this was the most distant known object found so far. SN 1988U Supernova 1988– z=0.31 Located in the galaxy cluster AC118

Notes

References

See also List of stars List of star extremes List of most distant supernovae List of the most distant astronomical objects