Anglet (; , )ANGELU, Auñamendi Eusko Entziklopedia is a commune in the Pyrénées-Atlantiques department in the Nouvelle-Aquitaine region of southwestern France.INSEE commune file
Anglet lies in the traditional province of Labourd of the Northern Basque Country while its inhabitants have traditionally spoken Gascon (Occitan).
Geography
Location Anglet commune is part of the urban area of Bayonne-Anglet-Biarritz (B.A.B.) located south-west of the city and part of the Basque province of Labourd. The commune is 10% covered with pine forests, including those of Pignada, Lazaretto, and Chiberta. The sandy coast starts 200 km north at the Pointe de Grave on the shore of the estuary of the Gironde and ends in Anglet. It is punctuated by numerous seawalls cutting the shore. At Anglet the outline of the public maritime domain has been updated and a coastal reserve wide has been observed since 1978. With its many bays and inlets this area is a laboratory for monitoring techniques for studying coastal erosion.
The Anglet coast is about 4.5 km long and has 11 beaches from north to south: Beach of la Barre; Beach of les Cavaliers; Beach of les Dunes; Beach of l'Ocean; Beach of la Madrague; Beach of la petite Madrague; Beach of les Corsaires; Beach of la Marinella; Beach of les Sables d'or; Beach of Club; Beach of VVF (Village Vacances Famille).
The French Basque Coast designates the part of the Aquitaine coast between the Chambre d'Amour cave at Anglet and the Spanish border.
Anglet has an airport Aéroport de Biarritz-Anglet-Bayonne some south of the town accessible from the D810 road. It has flights to destinations across France as well as Europe.
Access Anglet is served by the A63 autoroute, the D810 road from Bayonne to Anglet town, and the D260 road from Bayonne to the northern part of the commune and continuing south-west towards Biarritz.Google Maps
During the winter season of 2013–2014 the A1, A2, C, 4, 5, 6, 8, 10, 11, 12, 14, and N (evening) Chronoplus bus routes operated by the Transdev agglomeration de Bayonne serve Anglet connecting it to other communes in the metropolitan area: Bayonne, Biarritz, Bidart, Boucau, Saint-Pierre-d'Irube, and Tarnos. Chronoplus Timetable Winter 2013-2014 , consulted on 23 November 2013.
Hydrography The Adour flows into the Atlantic Ocean (Bay of Biscay) between Anglet on the left bank and Tarnos on the right bank.
The commune is traversed by the following tributaries of the Adour: the Sarraoute the Artigou (as well as the tributary of this - the Zubiru with its own tributary the Hòssa) the Camoudiet (and its tributaries, the Aouassole and the Riu Tòrt) the Horc (with its tributaries - the Coumelade, the Mail, and the Canaou) the Prade (joined by the Horn) the Gaoube (and the Arm of the Gaoube) the Houillassat the Gaoubole the Hourclat the Larraoudille the Bon the Adour de Gripp (as well as its tributaries - the great Canabère, the Garet, the Picharotte, the Goutil de Thou, and the Aritz and its tributary the Goutil Sec) the May d'Escaret the Arrimoula the Adour de Lesponne (and its tributaries, the Cantalop, the Lhécou, the Riu Grand, the Brouilh, the Maouri, the Tos - and its tributaries: the Népoutre, the Arabède, and the Cétérou; the Narbeoz, the Beliou, the Binaros, the Glère - and its tributaries: the Great Garrot, the Lardezen, and the Hont Herèda) the Serris
Localities and hamlets
Aritxague la Barre Blancpignon Bois Belin le Brise-Lames la Butte aux Cailles Camiade Cantau les Cavaliers la chambre d'Amour Chassin Château de Brindos Chiberta Choisy Cinq Cantons les Corsaires Courbois Girouette Hailtz Hardoy El Hogar Hondritz Irumendy Jorlis le Lazaret Louillot la Madrague Maignon Marinella Mauléon Montbrun Montdeville Moulinau l'Océan le Pavillon Chinois Péan Le Phare le Pignada Port du Soufre Quatre Cantons Refuge Notre-Dame les Sables d'Or Saint-Bernard Saint-Jean Salines Stella-Maris Sutar Tivoli Tour de Lannes Les Trois Croix Troissonat l'Union
Géoportail, IGN
Neighbouring communes and villages
Toponymy
The origin of the name Anglet is Roman from the Latin angulus, "Land shaped like a wedge"Bénédicte Boyrie-Fénié, Toponymic Dictionary of the communes of Landes and Bas-Adour, éd. Cairn, 2005, p. 255 or "low terrain or depression". This last hypothesis was confirmed by Jean-Baptiste Orpustan who indicated that the official name and the basque name derived from two distinct strains of the same origin: angellu, a diminutive of Angulu, and cited by L. Michelena who affirmed that "low terrain" applies to "all the sandy beach-front in the commune".
The Basque name of the commune is Angelu and the Gascon name is Anglet. The inhabitants are known as Anglòi in Gascon and Angeluar in Basque.
The following table details the origins of the commune name and other names in the commune.
Name Spelling Date Source Page Origin Description Anglet Angles 1188 Raymond Cartulary Village Anglet 1249 & 1253 Orpustan Portu de Angleto 1291 Orpustan Sanctus Leo d'Anglet 1761 Raymond Collations Aritxague Urruzaga 1140 Raymond Cartulary Mill, from the Basque Haritzaga meaning "place of oaks" (tauzins). Urrucega 1149 Raymond Cartulary Urrusague 12th century Raymond Cartulary Aritzague 1750 Raymond Cassini Ritzague 1863 Raymond Chambre d'Amour Ygasc 1198 Raymond Cartulary Hamlet, from a cave next to the sea. Higas 12th century Raymond Cartulary Audios Audoz 1198 Raymond Cartulary Hamlet in 1863 Blancpignon Blanpignon 1863 Raymond Place Brindos Villa que dictur Berindos 12th century Raymond Cartulary Hamlet Beryndos 1331 Raymond Gascon Roles Beryndes 1334 Raymond Gascon Roles Chiberta Lac de Chiberta 1863 Raymond Lake Courbois Fausegui 1198 Raymond Cartulary Hamlet Donzacq Molendinum de Donzag 1246 Raymond Cartulary Mill, the Donzacq stream rose in Biarritz, passed through Anglet and Bayonne and then joined the Adour Lo moly appelé Donzac 1539 Raymond Chapter Moulin d'Hausquette Molin de Fausquete 1259 Raymond Cartulary Mill Moulin de Hausquete 1556 Raymond Saint-Clare Hondritz Underitz 1149 Raymond Cartulary Hamlet Honderiz 1198 Raymond Cartulary Honderiz 1255 Raymond Cartulary Irumendy Yrumendie 12th century Raymond Cartulary Hamlet (destroyed) Irumendie 13th century Raymond Cartulary Lamothe Lamothe 1863 Raymond Fief Lastourte Lastourte 1863 Raymond Redoubt Lazaret Lazaret 1863 Raymond "dépôt de mendicité" (Poorhouse) Mauléon Mauléon 1863 Raymond Château Montori Montori 1863 Raymond Hamlet Navariz Le Fontaine de Navariz 1198 Raymond Cartulary Fountain at Montori Le Pignada Le Pinada 1863 Raymond Forest Pontots Pontots 1863 Raymond Hamlet Refuge Notre-Dame Le Refuge 1863 Raymond Religious house Sincos Sincos 1149 Raymond Cartulary Hamlet (destroyed) Sutar Villa quæ dicitur Huzater 12th century Raymond Cartulary Hamlet Utsatarren 1149 Raymond Cartulary Usatarren 1198 Raymond Cartulary Ussutarren 13th century Raymond Cartulary Hucetarren 13th century Raymond Cartulary Sustaren 16th century Raymond Cartulary Sutarre 1863 Raymond Troissonat Troissonat 1578 Raymond Chapter the name of a place at the mouth of the Adour, called le Boucau on 28 October 1578
Sources:
Raymond: Topographic Dictionary of the Department of Basses-Pyrenees, 1863, on the page numbers indicated in the table. Topographic Dictionary of the Department of Basses-Pyrenees, Paul Raymond, Imprimerie nationale, 1863, Digitised from Lyon Public Library 15 June 2011 Orpustan: Jean-Baptiste Orpustan, New Basque ToponymyJean-Baptiste Orpustan, New Basque Toponymy, Presses universitaires de Bordeaux, 2006,
Origins: Cartulary: Cartulary of Bayonne or Livre d'Or (Book of Gold)Manuscript from the 14th century in the Departmental Archives of Pyrénées-Atlantiques Collations: Collations of the Diocese of BayonneManuscripts from the 17th and 18th centuries in the Departmental Archives of Pyrénées-Atlantiques Cassini: Cassini Map from 1750Cassini Map 1750 - Asson Chapter: Titles of the Chapter of BayonneChapter of Bayonne in the Departmental Archives of Pyrénées-Atlantiques Saint-Claire: Titles of the Abbey of Sainte-Claire of BayonneTitles of the Abbey of Sainte-Claire of Bayonne - Departmental Archives of Pyrénées-Atlantiques
History
Prehistory Based on discoveries made, the oldest land in Anglet dates back to prehistory (mid-Paleolithic) and Mousterian culture (from 100,000 to 35,000 BC).The open-air prehistoric site of Lestaulan, Maignon district (Bayonne) - Sutar (Anglet), Claude Chauchat Various flint tools characteristic of the Mousterian period have been discovered.Prehistory in Basque Country North and South of Landes, R. Arambourou The use of splinters on both faces to make sharp points (scratcher, scraper) allows working on skins and making axes with wooden handles.History of Anglet – From its origins to modern times, Manex Goyhenetche, p. 9, "The Age of Population Centres" Around Anglet, including the Tower of Lannes, Brindos, and Sutar,E. Passemard, Bulletin of the Prehistoric Society of France, 1920, Volume 17, No. 12, pp. 286-291 open air locations high above low swampy parts were preferred as in other parts of Basque Country (Saint-Pierre-d'Irube, Ilbarritz at Bidart, Duboscoa at Villefranque, Lahonce, Urt, and BidacheClaude Chauchat, Paleolithic Industries in the Bayonne region of Périgordien formerly Asturian third cycle Bordeaux III ).
The prefecture of the Aquitaine region, considering the knowledge elements of the archaeological heritage of the commune currently identified in the archaeological database of the Regional Directorate of Cultural Affairs of AquitaineOrder W AZ.09.64.11 - Prefecture of Aquitaine - Administrative and Financial procedures in preventive archaeology issued an order for the following sites: Brindos, Cote 50, La Ballastière of Micoteau (Sutar), and Hondritz referenced as having Paleolithic occupation. The sites in the Rue du Colombier and the Tower of Lannes are referenced to as prehistoric sites of refuge which also refers to occupation in proto-historic times (Copper Age, Bronze Age, Iron Age).
Roman times During the Roman era (towards 400 AD), Bayonne served as a castrum (in Novempopulania) for a cohort large enough for a rampart to be built (still visible in some places) surrounding an area somewhat excessive for an Army (seven hectares), but no remains indicate that there was a city (no theatre, no ruins of villas or baths, etc.). At that time, the regional Roman capital was "Aquae Augustae" (Dax) and the people living in the geographical area between Dax and Oiartzun (which included the commune of Anglet) called themselves Tarbelli. Furthermore, there is evidence that outside these walls, there were many potters who worked for the Roman cohort.Bayonne – City of Art and History, Dominique Duplantier
Middle Ages
The history of Anglet actually appears from the Middle Ages where it was discovered that the core of the oldest settlement is located in a rural area called "Berindos"Book of Gold of Bayonne, Father Bidache, . which is Brindos (mentioned in 1083).History of Anglet – From its origins to modern times, Manex Goyhenetche, p. 23 There are some remains of a mill, dating to the 12th century, which was used to grind corn (the Moulin de Brindos). Two grindstones for wheat and the mule barn are still present.Inventory of Heritage under Article L123 1, 7° of the Urbanism Code — PLU of Anglet. It was also found that Berindos was a parish or at least included a church from the 12th century.Book of Gold of Bayonne, Father Bidache, p. 26/27, "Lordly Domain of Berindos and tenures" This area is located south of the airport: its agricultural past has disappeared under residential urbanization and development.