Here is a full taxonomy of the family Euphorbiaceae, according to the most recent molecular research. This complex family previously comprised five subfamilies: the Acalyphoideae, the Crotonoideae, the Euphorbioideae, the Phyllanthoideae and the Oldfieldioideae. The first three are uni-ovulate families, and the last two are bi-ovulate.
Now the Euphorbiaceae has been split into five families: The three uni-ovulate subfamilies have become the Euphorbiaceae in the strict sense, with the tribe Galearieae in the Acalyphoideae forming most of the family Pandaceae. Part of the bi-ovulate subfamily Phyllanthoideae has become the family Phyllanthaceae, with the tribe Drypeteae as family Putranjivaceae. The other bi-ovulate subfamily Oldfieldioideae has become the Picrodendraceae. The genera Chaetocarpus, Clutia, Pera, Pogonophora, and Trigonopleura are now placed in family Peraceae.van Welzen, P.C. & Esser, H.-J. Peraceae. Flora Malesiana, Series I, Volume 21 (2013) 119–133
Plants of the World Online places genus Phyllanoa in Euphorbiaceae.Phyllanoa Croizat. Plants of the World Online. Retrieved 12 June 2024. Hayden et al. place it in Violaceae.W.J. Hayden et al. Two enigmatic biovulate Euphorbiaceae from the Neotropics: relationships of Chonocentrum and the identity of Phyllanoa. Am. J. Bot. (1996)
Subfamily Acalyphoideae
Tribe Acalypheae There are 12 subtribes and 32 genera:
Subtribe Acalyphinae Acalypha (synonyms Acalyphes, Acalyphopsis, Calyptrospatha, Caturus, Corythea, Cupameni, Galurus, Gymnalypha, Linostachys, Mercuriastrum, Odonteilema, Paracelsea, Ricinocarpus, Schizogyne, Usteria)
Subtribe Adrianinae Adriana (synonyms Meialisa, Trachycaryon)
Subtribe Claoxylinae Claoxylon (synonyms Erythrochilus, Erythrochylus) Claoxylopsis Discoclaoxylon Erythrococca (synonyms Athroandra, Autrandra, Chloropatane, Deflersia, Poggeophyton, Rivinoides) Micrococca
Subtribe Cleidiinae Cleidion (synonyms Lasiostyles, Psilostachys, Redia, Tetraglossa) Sampantaea Wetria (synonyms Pseudotrewia)
Subtribe Dysopsidinae Dysopsis (synonyms Mirabellia, Molina)
Subtribe Lasiococcinae Clonostylis Homonoia (synonyms Haematospermum, Lumanaja) Lasiococca Spathiostemon (synonym Polydragma)
Subtribe Lobaniliinae Lobanilia
Subtribe Macaranginae Macaranga (synonyms Adenoceras, Mappa, Mecostylis, Pachystemon, Panopia, Phocea, Tanarius)
Subtribe Mareyinae Mareya Mareyopsis
Subtribe Mercurialinae Mercurialis (synonyms Cynocrambe, Discoplis, Synema) Leidesia Seidelia
Subtribe Ricininae Ricinus - castor bean
Subtribe Rottlerinae Avellanita Hancea (synonyms Boutonia , Cordemoya , Deuteromallotus , Diplochlamys ) Mallotus (synonyms Aconceveibum, Axenfeldia, Coelodiscus, Diplochlamys, Echinocroton, Echinus, Hancea, Lasipana, Plagianthera, Rottlera,Stylanthus) Rockinghamia
Tribe Adelieae There are 6 genera:
Adelia (synonym Ricinella) Crotonogynopsis Enriquebeltrania (synonym Beltrania) Garciadelia Lasiocroton Leucocroton
Tribe Agrostistachydeae There are 4 genera: Agrostistachys (synonyms Heterocalyx, Sarcoclinium) Chondrostylis (synonym Kunstlerodendron) Cyttaranthus Pseudagrostistachys
Tribe Alchorneae There are 2 subtribes and 7 genera:
Subtribe Alchorneinae Alchornea (synonyms Bleekeria, Cladodes, Hermesia, Lepidoturus, Schousboea, Stipellaria) Aparisthmium Aubletiana Bocquillonia (synonym Ramelia) Bossera Orfilea (synonym Diderotia, Laurembergia)
Subtribe Conceveibinae Conceveiba (synonyms Conceveibastrum , Gavarretia , Polyandra , and Veconcibea )
Tribe Ampereae There are 2 genera: Amperea (synonym Leptomeria) Monotaxis (synonyms Hippocrepandra, Reissipa)
Tribe Bernardieae There are 6 genera: Adenophaedra Afrotrewia Amyrea Bahiana Bernardia (synonyms Alevia, Bernarda, Bernhardia, Bivonia, Passaea, Phaedra, Polyboea, Traganthus, Tyria) Discocleidion Necepsia (synonyms Neopalissya, Palissya) Paranecepsia
Tribe Caryodendreae There are 3 genera: Alchorneopsis Caryodendron (synonym Centrodiscus) Discoglypremna
Tribe Cheiloseae There are 2 genera: Cheilosa Neoscortechinia (synonym Alcineanthus, Scortechinia)
Tribe Chrozophoreae This tribe has 4 subtribes and 12 genera:
Subtribe Chrozophorinae Chrozophora (synonyms Crossophora, Crozophora, Ricinoides, Tournesol, Tournesolia)
Subtribe Ditaxinae Argythamnia (synonyms Argithamnia, Argothamnia, Argyrothamnia, Argytamnia, Aphora , Ditaxis , Odotalon , Paxia , Paxiuscula , Serophyton , Stenonia ) Caperonia (synonyms Acanthopyxis, Androphoranthus, Cavanilla, Lepidococea, Meterana) Chiropetalum (synonyms Aonikena, Desfontaena, Desfontaina, Desfontainea) Philyra (synonym Phyllera)
Subtribe Doryxylinae Doryxylon (synonyms Mercadoa, Sumbavia) Melanolepis Sumbaviopsis (synonyms Adisa, Adisca) Thyrsanthera
Subtribe Speranskiinae Speranskia
Tribe Dicoelieae This tribe has one genus: Dicoelia
Tribe Epiprineae There are 2 subtribes and 9 genera:
Subtribe Epiprininae Adenochlaena (synonyms Niedenzua, Centrostylis) Cephalocroton Cephalocrotonopsis Cladogynos (synonyms Adenogynum, Baprea, Chloradenia) Cleidiocarpon (synonym Sinopimelodendron) Epiprinus Koilodepas (synonyms Caelodepas, Calpigyne, Coelodepas, Nephrostylus) Tsaiodendron
Subtribe Cephalomappinae Cephalomappa (synonym Muricococcum )
Tribe Erismantheae There are 3 genera: Erismanthus Moultonianthus Syndyophyllum
Tribe Omphaleae This tribe only has 1 genus: Omphalea (synonyms Duchola, Hebecocca, Hecatea, Neomphalea, Omphalandria, Ronnowia)
Tribe Plukenetieae There are 3 subtribes and 18 genera:
Subtribe Dalechampiinae Dalechampia (synonyms Cremophyllum, Dalechampsia, Megalostylis, Rhopalostylis)
Subtribe Plukenetiinae Angostylis (synonym Angostyles) Astrococcus Haematostemon Plukenetia (synonyms Accia, Angostylidium, Apopandra, Botryanthe, Ceratococcus, Elaeophora, Eleutherostigma, Fragariopsis, Hedraiostylus, Pseudotragia, Pterococcus, Sajorium, Tetracarpidium or Vigia) Romanoa (synonyms Anabaena, Anabaenella)
Subtribe Tragiinae Acidoton (synonym Durandeeldia ) Bia Chicomendes de Sá Cordeiro, W.P.F., Athiê-Souza, S.M., Buril, M.T. et al. Chicomendes (Euphorbiaceae, Tragiinae): a new Amazonian genus segregated from Tragia. Plant Syst Evol 307, 46 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00606-021-01765-0 Cnesmone (synonyms Cenesmon, Cnesmosa) Gitara Megistostigma (synonym Clavistylus) Monadelpha Pachystylidium Platygyna (synonym Acanthocaulon) Sphaerostylis Tragia (synonyms Agirta, Allosandra, Ctenomeria, Lassia, Leptobotrys, Leptorhachis, Leucandra, Schorigeram) Tragiella Zuckertia
Tribe Pycnocomeae There are 2 subtribes and 7 genera:
Subtribe Blumeodendrinae Blumeodendron Botryophora (synonyms Botryospora, Botryphora) Podadenia Ptychopyxis (synonym Clarorivinia)
Subtribe Pycnocominae Argomuellera (synonyms Neopycnocoma, Wetriaria) Droceloncia Pycnocoma (synonym Comopyena)
Tribe Sphyranthereae There is only 1 genus: Sphyranthera
Subfamily Crotonoideae
Tribe Adenoclineae There are 2 subtribes and 6 genera:
Subtribe Adenoclininae Adenocline (synonyms Adenoclina, Diplostylis, Paradenocline) Ditta Glycydendron Klaineanthus Tetrorchidium (synonyms Hasskarlia, Tetrorchidiopsis)
Subtribe Endosperminae Endospermum (synonym Capellenia)
Tribe Aleuritideae This tribe has 6 subtribes and 14 genera:
Subtribe Aleuritinae Aleurites (synonym Camirium) Reutealis Vernicia (synonyms Ambinux, Dryandra, Elaeococca)
Subtribe Benoistiinae Benoistia
Subtribe Crotonogyninae Crotonogyne (synonym Neomanniophyton) Cyrtogonone Manniophyton
Subtribe Garciinae Garcia (synonym Carcia)
Subtribe Grosserinae Cavacoa Grossera Karima Sandwithia Tannodia (synonyms Domohinea , Holstia , Neoholstia , Tandonia ) Tapoides
Subtribe Neoboutoniinae Neoboutonia
Tribe Codiaeae There are 15 genera:
Acidocroton Baliospermum Baloghia (synonym Steigeria) Blachia (synonym Deonia) Codiaeum (synonyms Crozophyla, Junghuhnia, Phyllaurea, Synaspisma) Colobocarpos Dodecastigma Fontainea Hylandia Ophellantha Ostodes Pantadenia Pausandra Sagotia Strophioblachia Tritaxis (synonym Dimorphocalyx )
Tribe Crotoneae There are 6 genera:
Astraea Brasiliocroton Croton (synonyms Agelandra, Aldinia, Angelandra, Anisepta, Anisophyllum, Argyra, Argyrodendron, Astraea, Astrogyne, Aubertia, Banalia, Barhamia, Brachystachys, Calypteriopetalon, Cascarilla, Centrandra, Cieca, Cleodora, Codonocalyx, Comatocroton, Crotonanthus, Crotonopsis, Cubacroton , Cyclostigma, Decarinium, Drepadenium, Eluteria, Engelmannia, Eremocarpus, Eutrophia, Friesia, Furcaria, Geiseleria, Gynamblosis, Halecus, Hendecandas, Heptallon, Heterochlamys, Heterocroton, Julocroton, Klotzschiphytum, Kurkas, Lasiogyne, Leptemon, Leucadenia, Luntia, Macrocroton, Medea, Merleta, Moacroton , Monguia, Myriogomphus, Ocalia, Oxydectes, Palanostigma, Penteca, Pilinophyton, Piscaria, Pleopadium, Podostachys, Saipania, Schradera, Semilta, Tiglium, Timandra, Tridesmis, Triplandra, Vandera) Mildbraedia (synonyms Neojatropha, Plesiatropha) Paracroton (synonyms Desmostemon, Fahrenheitia) Radcliffea
Tribe Elateriospermeae This tribe only has 1 genus: Elateriospermum (synonyms Elaterioides, Elaterispermum)
Tribe Gelonieae This tribe has 2 genera: Cladogelonium Suregada (synonyms Ceratophorus, Erythrocarpus, Gelonium, Owataria)
Tribe Jatropheae There are 8 genera:
Annesijoa Chlamydojatropha Deutzianthus (synonym Loerzingia ) Jatropha (synonyms Adenorhopium, Adenoropium, Castiglionia, Collenucia, Curcas, Jatropa, Loureira, Mesandrinia, Mozinna, Zimapania) Joannesia (synonyms Anda, Andicus) Leeuwenbergia Oligoceras Vaupesia
Tribe Manihoteae This tribe has 2 genera: Cnidoscolus (synonyms Bivonea, Jussieuia, Mandioca, Victorinia) Manihot (synonyms Hotnima, Janipha, Manihotoides)
Tribe Micrandreae There are 2 subtribes and 3 genera:
Subtribe Heveinae Hevea (synonyms Caoutchoua , Micrandra , Siphonanthus , Siphonia )
Subtribe Micrandrinae Micrandra (synonyms Clusiophyllum , Cunuria Pogonophyllum ) Micrandropsis
Tribe Ricinocarpeae There are 2 subtribes and 7 genera:
Subtribe Bertyinae Bertya (synonym Lambertya) Borneodendron Cocconerion Myricanthe
Subtribe Ricinocarpinae Alphandia Beyeria (synonyms Beyeriopsis, Calyptrostigma, Clavipodium) Ricinocarpos (synonyms Echinosphaera, Ricinocarpus, Roeperia) Shonia
Unplaced to subtribe Weda
Tribe Ricinodendreae There are 3 genera: Givotia Ricinodendron Schinziophyton
Tribe Trigonostemoneae There is only 1 genus: Trigonostemon (synonyms Actephilopsis, Athroisma, Enchidium, Kurziodendron, Neotrigonostemon, Nepenthandra, Poilaniella, Prosartema, Silvaea, Telogyne, Tylosepalum) Tritaxis
Subfamily Euphorbioideae
Tribe Euphorbieae This tribe has 3 subtribes and 6 genera:
Subtribe Anthosteminae Anthostema Dichostemma
Subtribe Euphorbiinae Euphorbia (synonyms Ademo, Adenopetalum, Adenorima, Agaloma, Aklema, Alectoroctonum, Allobia, Anisophyllum, Anthacantha, Aplarina, Arthrothamnus, Bojeria, Ceraselma, Chamaesyce, Characias, Chylogala, Crepidaria, Ctenadena, Cubanthus Cyathophora, Cystidospermum, Dactylanthes, Dematra, Desmonema, Diadenaria, Dichrophyllum, Dichylium, Diplocyathium, Ditritra, Elaeophorbia, Endadenium, Endoisila, Epurga, Esula, Euforbia, Eumecanthus, Euphorbiastrum, Euphorbiodendron, Euphorbiopsis, Euphorbium, Galarhoeus, Hexadenia, Kanopikon, Kobiosis, Lacanthis, Lathyris, Lepadena, Leptopus, Lophobios, Lortia, Lyciopsis, Medusea, Monadenium, Nisomenes, Ossifraga, Peccana, Pedilanthus, Petalandra, Pleuradena, Poinsettia, Pythius, Sclerocyathium, Stenadenium, Sterigmanthe, Synadenium, Tithymaloides, Tithymalopsis, Tithymalus, Torfasadis, Treisia, Tricherostigma, Trichosterigma, Tumalis, Vallaris, Ventenatia, Xamesike, Zalitea, Zygophyllidium)
Subtribe Neoguillauminiinae Calycopeplus Neoguillauminia
Tribe Hippomaneae This tribe has 2 subtribes and 33 genera: