Ibn Qutaybah

Abū Muḥammad ʿAbd Allāh ibn Muslim ibn Qutayba al-Dīnawarī al-Marwazī (; c. 828 – 13 November 889 CE/213 – 15 Rajab 276 AH)Joseph T. Shipley, Encyclopedia of Literature, Volume 1 - Page 37, better known as Ibn Qutayba, was a Persian Islamic scholar.Camilla Adang, Muslim Writers on Judaism and the Hebrew Bible: From Ibn Rabban to Ibn Hazm, BRILL (1996), p. 58.Arnold E. Franklin, This Noble House: Jewish Descendants of King David in the Medieval Islamic East, University of Pennsylvania Press (2012), p. 63. He served as a judge during the Abbasid Caliphate, but was prominent for his contributions to Arabic literature.Abd Allah Abu Muhammad Abd Allah ibn Muslim al-Dinwari Ibn Qutaybah from The Oxford Dictionary of Islam. Oxford Reference, Copyright © 2013.Christopher Melchert, "Qur'anic Abrogation Across the Ninth Century." Taken from Studies in Islamic Legal Theory, p. 80. ed. Bernard G. Weiss. Volume 15 of Studies in Islamic Law and Society. Leiden: Brill Publishers, 2002. . He was an Athari theologian and polymathMichael Bonner, Jihad in Islamic History: Doctrines and Practice, Princeton University Press (2008), p. 8.Issa J. Boullata, Literary Structures of Religious Meaning in the Qu'ran, Routledge (2013), p. 61.Sean Anthony, The Caliph and the Heretic: Ibn Sabaʾ and the Origins of Shīʿism, BRILL (2011), p. 162. who wrote on diverse subjects, such as Qur'anic exegesis, hadith, theology, philosophy, law and jurisprudence, grammar, philology, history, astronomy, agriculture and botany.

Biography His full name is Abū Muḥammad ʿAbdullāh b. Muslim ibn Qutaybah ad-Dīnawarī. He was born in Kufa in what is now Iraq.John C. Lamoreaux, The Early Muslim Tradition of Dream Interpretation, p. 27. SUNY Series in Islamic Spirituality. Albany: State University of New York Press, 2002. .John C. Lamoreaux, "Sources on Ibn Bahlul's Chapter on Dream Interpretation." Taken from Augustine and His Opponents, Jerome, Other Latin Fathers After Nicaea, Orientalia, p. 555. ed. Elizabeth A. Livingstone. Volume 33 of Studia Patristica. Peeters Publishers, 1997. . He was of Persian descent; his father was from Merv, Khorasan. Having studied tradition and philology he became qadi in Dinawar during the reign of Al-Mutawakkil, and afterwards a teacher in Baghdad. He was the first representative of the school of Baghdad philologists that succeeded the schools of Kufa and Basra. He was known as a vocal opponent of "gentile" or shu'ubi Islam, i.e. openness to non-Islamic wisdom and values.

Legacy He was viewed by Sunni Muslims as a hadith master, foremost philologist, linguist, and man of letters. In addition to his literary criticism and anthologies, he was also known for his work on the problems of Tafsir or Qur'anic interpretation. He also authored works on astronomy and legal theory.Introduction to The Unity of Science in the Arabic Tradition: Science, Logic, Epistemology , pg. 22. Eds. Shahid Rahman, Tony Street, and Hassan Tahiri. Volume 11 of Logic, Epistemology, and the Unity of Science Series The Unity of Science in the Arabic Tradition: Science, Logic, Epistemology, and Their Interactions. New York: Springer Publishing, 2008. . His book Uyun al-Akhbar, along with the romantic literature of Muhammad bin Dawud al-Zahiri and Ibn Abi Tahir Tayfur, was considered by lexicographer Ibn Duraid to be the three most important works for those who wished to speak and write eloquently.Shawkat M. Toorawa, "Defing Adab by Re-Defining the Adib: Ibn Abi Tahir Tayfur and storytelling." Taken from On Fiction and Adab in Medieval Arabic Literature, p. 303. ed. Philip F. Kennedy. Volume 6 of Studies in Arabic Language and Literature. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz Verlag, 2005. .Shawkat M. Toorawa, "Ibn Abi Tayfur versus al-Jahiz." Taken from ʻAbbasid Studies: Occasional Papers of the School of ʻAbbasid Studies, p. 250. ed. James Edward Montgomery. Volume 135 of Orientalia Lovaniensia Analecta. Peeters Publishers, 2004. .

His work Taʾwīl Mukhtalif al-Hadīth was an influential early Atharite treatise that rebuked rationalists on the nature of tradition. In his treatise, Ibn Qutayba censures the mutakallimūn (scholastic theologians) for holding contradictory and differing views on the principles of religion.

Ibn Muṭarrif al-Ṭarafī (d. 1062 CE) gathered passages from Ibn Qutayba's Kitāb Mushkil al-Qurʾān and Kitāb Ghafīb al-Qurʾān and arranged them to be in the same order as the relevant Qurʾān chapters in a work called Kitāb al-Qurṭayn.Roberto Tottoli, 'The Qiṣaṣ al-Anbiyāʾ of Ibn Muṭarrif al-Ṭarafī (d. 454/1062): Stories of the Prophets from al-Andalus', Al-Qantara, 19.1 (1998), 131–60.

Works He wrote more than 60 books,Nabi Bakhsh Khan Baloch, Great Books of Islamic Civilization, Pakistan Hijra Council, 1989, p. 136. including: Gharīb al-Qur'an, (var., Mushkil al-Qur'an), lexical complexities in the Qur'an. Ta’wīl Mukhtalif al-Hadīth, (The Interpretation of Conflicting Narrations), defence of hadiths against Mu'tazilite critics. Kitāb Adab al-Kātib (“Ibn Kutaiba’s Adab al-Kātib,” ed. Max Grünert, Leiden, 1900) Kitāb al-Anwā’ (Hyderabad, 1956)Online link. Kitāb al-Ma‘ānī al-Kabīr fī Abyāt al-Ma‘ānī. 2 vols. (Hyderabad, 1949) Kitāb al-Ma’ārif, short universal history, from Creation to the Jāhiliyya (pre-Islamic); with index of the Companions, famous jurists and masters of hadīth („Ibn Coteiba’s Handbuch de Geschichte“, ed., Ferdinand Wüstenfeld, Göttingen, 1850); (ed., Tharwat ‘Ukāshah, Cairo, 1960). Kitāb al-Shi‘r wa-al-Shu‘arā’ (“Liber Poësie et Poëtarum,” ed., M. J de Goeje, Leiden, 1904) Kitab ‘Uyūn al-Akhbār. 4 vols. (Cairo, 1925-30); biographic history of eminent figures.See: Luisa Arvide, Relatos, University of Almeria Press, Almeria 2004 (in Arabic and Spanish).Arvide Cambra, L.M. (2014), "Kitab 'Uyun al-Akhbar of Ibn Qutayba (828-889)", Advances in Education Research (Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Applied Social Science, ICASS 2014), vol. 51, pp. 650-653. Kitāb al-Amwāl Kitāb al-‘Arab wa ‘Ulūmuhā; history of Arab scholars Kitāb al-Ashriba; alcoholic beverages. Kitāb Dalā’il al-Nubuwwa, or A‘lām al-Nubuwwa on the Proofs of the Prophets. Kitāb Fad.l al-‘Arab ‘alā al-‘Ajam, in praise of the Arabs over the Persians; translated into English as The Excellence of the Arabs (NYU Press, 2017) Kitāb I‘rāb al-Qur’ān, a philological commentary on the Qur'ān. Kitāb al-Ikhtilāf fī al-Lafz wa al-Radd ‘alā al-Jahmiyya wal-Mushabbiha, a refutation of the Allegorizers and Anthropomorphists. (Egypt, several editions) Kitāb al-Ishtiqāq Kitāb Is.lāh. Ghalat, corrections of Gharīb al-H.adīth by al-Qāsim ibn Salām. Kitāb Jāmi‘ al-Fiqh, jurisprudence, dispraised as unreliable by al-Tabarī and Ibn Surayj, as was Ibn Qutayba’s al-Amwāl. Kitāb Jāmi‘ al-Nah.w al-Kabīr and Jāmi‘ al-Nah.w al-S.aghīr Kitāb al-Jarāthīm, linguistics. Kitāb al-Jawābāt al-H.ād.ira. Kitāb al-Ma‘ānī al-Kabīr Kitāb al-Masā’il wal-Ajwiba. Kitāb al-Maysar wal-Qidāh, ('Dice and Lots'). Kitāb al-Na‘m wal-Bahā’im, cattle and livestock. Kitāb al-Nabāt, botany. Kitāb al-Qirā’āt, ('The Canonical Readings'). Kitāb al-Radd ‘alā al-Qā’il bi Khalq al-Qur’ān, ('Against the creationist claims about the Qur’an'). Kitāb al-Radd ‘alā al-Shu‘aybiyya, ('Refutation of a sub-sect of the ‘Ajārida ‘At.awiyya, itself a sub-sect of the Khawārij). Kitāb al-Rah.l wal-Manzil. Kitāb Ta‘bīr al-Ru’yā, ('Interpretation of Dreams'). Kitāb Talqīn al-Muta‘allim min al-Nah.w on grammar. Kitāb ‘Uyūn al-Shi‘r, on poetry.

See also List of Islamic scholars List of Iranian scientists and scholars Al-Zahiriyah Library

Citations

References

Ibn Qutaybah

Bron en licentie