Hyŏn Ikch'ŏl (; 1890 – May 7, 1938) was a teacher and a Korean independence activist who served as chairman of the Tongui Department during the Japanese Occupation of Korea, chairman of the central executive committee of the National People's Prefecture, and central executive secretary of the Korean Revolutionary Party, and member of the Military Studies Compilation Committee of the Provisional Government of the Republic of Korea.
Early life and career Hyŏn Ikch'ŏl was born in 1890 in Bakcheon, North Pyongan Province, Joseon. Right after the Japan–Korea Treaty of 1910, He crossed the Yalu River in 1911 and went into exile to the West Jiandao region and gathered his comrades. But things didn't work out for him, so he returned to his hometown.
There, he attempted to forge Bank of Japan banknotes and use them to fund the independence movement. However, he was discovered, arrested, and imprisoned at the Anju Police Station in South Pyeongan Province in 1912. The teacher spent half a year in prison. In 1918, he settled in Heunggyeong-hyeon (now Bongcheon-seong (now Liaoning Province). This was a mountainous area, but there were wide plains in between. Many Koreans came here and worked in agriculture. Around this time, the Korean population in Heunggyeong-hyeon showed remarkable development, reaching a significant 65,000 people. Accordingly, an independence movement organization based on Korean compatriots here was formed and began to show significant development. At this time, independence movement organizations formed in Heunggyeong-hyeon included the Korean Association and the Korean Independence Volunteer Corps. In this year, he taught children as a teacher at Heungdong School, an ethnic school in Heunggyeong-hyeon, and joined these organizations and worked as an executive.
Joining the independence movement Meanwhile, in 1919, as the March 1st Movement unfolded widely in Korea and the enthusiasm for the independence movement greatly increased, the teacher made a new decision and moved his activities to the North Gando region, where Korean compatriots were at the center. In particular, he continued the independence movement by participating in the Daehan Military Government (大韓軍政署), widely known as the Northern Military Administration Office in which General Kim Chwajin was active. The Daehangunjeongseo was an independence movement organization based on the Daejonggyo lineage and was devoted to the development and training of independence troops with the goal of a powerful war of independence. It was in close contact with the Provisional Government of the Republic of Korea in Shanghai and served it. During this process, he realized the necessity of participating in the armed war for independence and decided to receive systematic military education and training.
At a fairly young age, Hyŏn entered the Haniha, West Jiandao, branch of the Shinheung Military Academy.
Afterwards, he participated in the Korean Association, an autonomous organization for Koreans in the Manchurian region, and also joined the West Road Military Government, a central leadership organization for the independence movement in the West Jiandao region, and became involved in the independence movement. However, the Western Military Government was unable to launch a full-scale war of independence due to its own limitations and pressure from the Chinese warlord regime and the Japanese consulate. Accordingly, the teacher gathered a new group of relatively young and energetic people and organized the Gwanghandan, an anti-Japanese armed struggle organization, in Hyangno-gu, Guanzhen County, Fengtian Province, China, in February 1920. About 40 people participated in this organization, including Hyŏn Chonggyŏng (real name 玄炳根), a relative from the same family, Yi Howŏn (李浩源), Kim Sŏksŏn (金錫善), and Hong Wŏngyŏng (洪元京).
In particular, in April 1921, the teacher dispatched nine members, including Kim Jun-gyeong, to the country based in Myoja-gu, Gwanjeon-hyeon, and carried out an operation to raise military funds in the Jeongju area of North Pyongan Province . However, they were soon arrested by Japanese police. Therefore, the teacher was wanted by the Japanese and escaped several times, but was eventually arrested by the Japanese police and sentenced to three years in prison. However, after being released from prison in 1924, he crossed the Yalu River again and joined Tonguibu (統義府), an integrated organization of the independence movement in southern Manchuria. At this time, he took on the important role of Chairman of the Foreign Affairs Committee and was mainly responsible for negotiations with Chinese officials, while also working closely with the Provisional Government in Shanghai.
Independence activist As the March First Movement took place in Korea in 1919, the enthusiasm for the independence movement increased. The teacher moved his activities to the North Jiandao region, where Korean compatriots were at the center, and participated in the Korean Military Campaign in which General Kim Jwa-jin was active. The Korean military policy aimed to wage a strong war of independence and focused on the training and training of independent troops. Hyŏn felt the need to participate in the armed independence war. He decided to receive a systematic military education and military training. Accordingly, at the age of 30, he entered the Shinheung Military Academy branch established in Hani River, Tonghua County, West Jiandao, and studied military studies. At that time, there were many young people who came to Shinheung Military Academy after the March 1st Movement. The teacher completed a six-month course at the Haniha Shinheung Military Academy branch.
Afterwards, the teacher participated in the Han People Association, an autonomous organization of Koreans in southern Manchuria, and also joined and worked in the Northern Military Administration Office an independence movement organization in the West Jiandao region. Hyŏn Ikch'ŏl gathered 40 young people and founded Gwanghandan, an anti-Japanese armed struggle organization, in Hyangno-gu, Guanzhen County, Bongcheon Province, China, in February 1920. Together with his Gwanghandan comrades, he attacked and executed Japanese colonial exploitation agencies and pro-Japanese activists. He also worked hard to raise funds for the independence movement.
In April 1921, he was based in Myoja-gu, Gwanjeon-hyeon, and dispatched nine members, including Kim Jun-kyung, to the country to conduct an operation to raise military funds in the Jeongju area of North Pyongan Province. However, they were caught by the Japanese police. In the end, the teacher was caught by the Japanese police and sentenced to three years in prison. However, after being released from prison in 1924, he crossed the Yalu River again and became active in Tonguibu, an integrated organization of the independence movement in southern Manchuria.
Bureau of Justice and Military Prefecture In 1924, he served as Chairman of the Foreign Affairs Committee in the Daehan Tonguibu, and was in charge of negotiations with Chinese officials and had close contact with the Provisional Government.
In January 1925, when the independence movement groups in southern Manchuria were integrated with the Tongui-bu expanding into the Bureau of Justice and Military Prefecture by Kim I-dae, Chi Ch'ŏngch'ŏn, Oh Dong-jin, and Kim Dong-sam, and he joined the group. By participating in this, he worked hard to fight against Japan and stabilize the lives of his Korean compatriots. He was especially active as a member of the central executive committee and head of the finance department of the Bureau of Justice and Military Prefecture. He promoted the financial management of Bureau of Justice and Military Prefecture and the stabilization of the lives of Korean compatriots.
The Hyŏn focused his attention on the education of children and youth in areas under the jurisdiction of the Bureau of Justice and Military Prefecture. The Hyŏn created textbooks for children's education at the level of the Ministry of Justice and supported the education of the second generation of compatriots in deep mountainous areas. Textbooks for first and second grade elementary school students were copied using a brush, and textbooks for upper grades were made using a mimeograph. This was distributed to the children of compatriots in the Baekdu Mountain area.
In Chacheon-ri, he also devoting himself to the independence movement by uniting small independence movement groups in deep mountainous remote areas such as Fusong, Jangbaek, and Ando-hyeon at the foot of Mt. Baekdu to form 'Heungeopdan.' A representative was dispatched to Cha Do-seon (real name: Cha Do-seon - former righteous army general) to persuade him to join the Bureau of Justice and Military Prefecture. As a result, Korean compatriots from the Baekdu Mountain area, hundreds of kilometers away from Jilin, the center of Bureau of Justice and Military Prefecture, were recruited as members of Bureau of Justice and Military Prefecture. As a result, he succeeded in subsuming the Heungeopdan faction, which was based in the areas of Fusong, Ando, and Jangbaek County, into the Bureau of Justice and Military Prefecture organizational system.
He also worked hard to purge pro-Japanese factions. There was an Oriental medicine doctor named Shin Han-cheol in Kwaedaemuja, Tonghwa-hyeon, not far from the headquarters of Bureau of Justice and Military Prefecture. He said that independence activists participating in the Ministry of Justice and other organizations created a pro-Japanese organization called 'Sangjogye', saying, "Independence is something that cannot succeed, and only takes away the people's money." Through this, he encouraged his compatriots to not fulfill their duties to the government and hindered the independence movement. When the independence army passed by, he reported it to the Chinese police and had them hand over the currency to the Japanese consulate police.
Leaders of the Bureau of Justice and Military Prefecture and independence fighters, including Hyŏn Ikch'ŏl, warned him several times. Nevertheless, Shin Han-cheol still interfered with the independence movement and acted pro-Japanese. Accordingly, in September 1926, the teacher sent five members of the Bureau of Justice and Military Prefecture Volunteer Army, including Second Lieutenant Kim Chang-rim (real name 金元國), to execute pro-Japanese activist Shin Han-cheol and his family.
National People's Prefecture In 1926, he formed the Korean Revolutionary Party in Jilin with Yang Gi-tak, Lee Dong-gu, and Cho So-su and was appointed chairman.
In 1927, he organized National People's Prefecture (國民府) by integrating several organizations, and was appointed chairman of the central executive committee. The mainstream faction of the Bureau of Justice and Military Prefecture Volunteer Army, the Civil Affairs Committee of the Korean People's Association in Manchuria, and Shim Yong-jun's affiliates of the Army Advisory Office formed the 'National Unity Party Organizational Alliance' in September 1928 and attempted to form a unified autonomous government and a single national party. At this time, he became the representative of the National Unity Party Organizational Alliance along with Kim I-dae (金履大).