This is a list of armed groups active in the Democratic Republic of the Congo since the end of Second Congo War in 2003.
Rebel groupSubgroups / AffiliatesYear EstablishedLeaderNotesAFRC (Alliance des Forces de Résistance Congolaise)Charles Bokande “Je t’aime”Alliance of Patriots for a Free and Sovereign Congo (APCLS)2010Janvier Karairi Allied Democratic Forces (ADF)1996Jamil Mukulu (leader until 2015)Musa Baluku(leader 2015–2019; commander of pro-ISIL faction from 2019)"Muzaaya" (commander of Mukulu loyalists from 2019)Dusman SabuniAmka Jeshi2020Kasereka CelestinAPRC (Armée du Peuple pour la Reconstruction du Congo)Kambale DefaoAPR (Armée patriotique de Ruwenzori)MesoChini ya TunaCMC/FAPC (Collectif des Mouvements pour le Changement/Forces armées du peuple congolais)National Coalition of the People for the Sovereignty of Congo (CNPSC)Mai-Mai Yakutumba2006William YakutumbaMai-Mai EchiloMai-Mai Réunion (FPLC; Forces pour la libération du Congo)2017Réunion wa RusasaMai-Mai Réné2016Rene ItongwaMai-Mai NgalyabatuNgalyabatu MangalaBiloze Bishambuke1998Assani MbokaniMai-Mai MulumbaMulumba HondwaLetter dated 10 June 2021 from the Group of Experts on the Democratic Republic of the Congo addressed to the President of the Security CouncilMai-Mai MalaikaSheikh Assani (until 2020) Kabala (2020–)Mai-Mai NapataForces des patriotes pour la défense du Congo - Mouvement de libération (FDPC-ML)2016Kitungano Kibukila alias EbuelaKakobanya NakalambiAoci KatumbaGroupe JKK / CCCRD (Coalition Congolaise pour le Changement Radical et la Démocratie)2020Chimpanzé HakizimwamiNational Council for the Democratic Renewal (CNRD)2016Colonel Wilson Irategeka (2016–2020)THE FLN COMMANDER, LT GEN WILSON IRATEGEKA IS DEAD, 19 January 2020Busumba groupFAP (Force d’Autodéfense Populaire)Kasereka NgeseraForces de défense du Congo (FDC)Butu LuandaCharles Mbura (until 2013; split into MAC)MadragulFDC–Tumusifu2016Tumusifu Nord-Kivu: retour au calme après affrontements des Maï-Maï à Nyamaboko, 3 December 2016 Democratic Forces for the Liberation of Rwanda (FDLR)2000OmegaGaby RuhindaFNL (Front national de libération)Aloys NzabampemaFNL NibiziShuti Baryanka NibiziPopular Forces of Burundi (FOREBU/FPB)2016Jérémie NtiranyibagiraEdouard NshimirimanaFLEC/NG (Front de Libération à L’Est du Congo/Nouvelle Génération)LwangaPatriotic Resistance Front of Ituri (FRPI)2002Germain Katanga Baudouin AdirodoCobra Matata Chini Ya Kilima–FPIC (Front des Patriotes Intégrationnistes du Congo)Mai-Mai Kabidon FPP/AP (Front Populaire pour la Paix Armée du Peuple)Kasereka Kasyano aka KabidoFreddyGroupe Mazout2017Sensele aka MazoutGuminoNyamusharaba ShakaImbonerakureLD MahinduziProsper MahinduziLD MbilizeLocal Defense NgengweNgengweLD ZoneZoneMai-Mai Alaise2017AlaiseMai-Mai Alida2020Alonda Bita aka AlidaMai-Mai AochiAochiMai-Mai Apa na Pale2014Mundusi/Mundus Munanga BabuyuMai-Mai Barcelone2019Mumbere Baraka LolwakoMai-Mai Bede2003 – 2015Bede Rusagara (2003 – 2015) DR Congo’s Mai Mai militia leader dies, 31 August 2015Defunct after death of their leaderMai-Mai KivuwheMai-Mai BishakeMai-Mai BrownOmari BrownMai-Mai BuhirwhaCorps du Christ2016David MaranathaMai-Mai DarioDario SyaghuswaMai-Mai DéléguésMai-Mai Éléments Katadaye2020KatadayeMai-Mai Éléments Mutono2016Mutono MukambilaMai-Mai Fimbo na FimboBitontoMai-Mai Ilunga2018Ilunga RusesamaMai-Mai Issa MutokaIssa MutokaMai-Mai Karakara2013 – 2018Karakara Espoir (2013–April 2018) Sud-Kivu : le Combattant Maï-Maï Karakara Espoir tué dans la nuit du 09 au 10 avril à Kajege, 11 April 2018 Brother of Karakara (April 2018) Uvira : deux morts lors des affrontements entre militaires et miliciens, 24 April 2018Defunct after death of their leaderSécurité : Les groupes armés encore actifs au sud-kivuMai-Mai Kashumba2018Kashumba MusagaraMai-Mai Kidjangala/KijangalaKijangalaMai-Mai KifagiyoMai-Mai Kifuafua2002Delphin MbaendaMai-Mai Kifuafua Baeni-LimenziBaeni LimenziMai-Mai Kifuafua MaachanoMaachanoMai-Mai Kifuafua ShalioShabani ShalioMai-Mai KihebeMai-Mai KiloloMai-Mai Kirikicho1992Kirikicho Mirimba MwanamayiMai-Mai Kithikyolo2009Vital KithikyoloMai-Mai Kombi2017Kambale KombiMai-Mai Léopards2016Kakule Endaniluhi Muthundo Mutsuva Kikongo and FabriceMai-Mai MahoroMahoro (until 2017) Mai-Mai MakanakiJohn Simbira MakanakiMai-Mai Mandefu/Mandevu2019Nzirunga and AminataMai-Mai MaradonaCivilian Casualties in Tshopo Province Following Clashes Between Mai-Mai Militias, 20 June 2024Mazembe2016Albert Kasheke Kitete Bushu (2016–2020) KabidoMazembe-APASIKO (Alliance des Patriotes pour le Salut Intégral du Kongo)2019David KibokoMai-Mai MazimanoMazimanoMai-Mai MbuluKamale MbuluLetter dated 6 June 2019 from the Group of Experts on the Democratic Republic of the Congo addressed to the President of the Security CouncilBigayaMahugoMai-Mai MuhimaMuhimaMai-Mai MundosManiema : Les mai mai Mundos accusés de pillage systématique des biens de la population dans plusieurs localités du Secteur de Babuyu (Kabambare), 17 February 2023Mai-Mai MupekenyaKati MalisawaMai-Mai Mushombe2015Mushombe MuganguziMai-Mai MwenyemaliMwenyemaliMai-Mai NgolengeBurairiMai-Mai Nguru2005NguruMai-Mai NinjaKambale AzizaMai-Mai NyerereNyerere BunaneMai-Mai PRM/PAREMMai-Mai RastaMai-Mai Ruma/Zela MbumaRuma and Zela MbumaMai-Mai Rushaba2014Mai-Mai Shingo Pamba2020Matabishi Kakuhi Jackson alias Prof KitwaMai-Mai Shoshi2019Jimmy KidegiMai-Mai Simuzizi2012/4 – 2016Simuzizi Labani (2012/4 – 2016) RDC: un chef milicien abattu à Uvira, 26 July 2016Defunct after death of their leaderMai-Mai KivuwheMai-Mai Kiwishttps://repository.up.ac.za/bitstream/handle/2263/79056/Ekyamba_Armed_2020.pdf?sequence=1Milice M'vubaMilice PakombeMwami Mbonguma Kitobi (until 2014)March 23 Movement (M23)2012Bertrand Bisimwa (president)Sultani Makenga (military chief) Jean-Marie Runiga Lugerero (former president)MAC, ex-Guides (Mouvement d’Action pour Changement))2013MburaMai-Mai Jackson MFP (Mouvement du front populaire)2020Jackson Muhukambuto (2020–2021) Congo detains alleged ivory trafficker blamed for killings of park rangers -statement, 10 June 2021Mai-Mai Kyandenga MNLDK (Mouvement National pour la Libération Durable du Kongo)2016Kambale Kyandenga (until 2022) Kambale Matabishi (until 2024) Split from UPLC, now allied with ADFNduma Defense of Congo (NDC)Sheka Ntabo Ntaberi (until 2017) Mandaima (2017–) Nduma Defense of Congo-Renovated (NDC-R) Nduma Defense of Congo-Renovated/Bwira2020Gilbert BwiraNduma Defense of Congo-Renovated/Guidon2015Guidon Shimiray Mwissa (2015–2021) NyaturaNyatura-APRDC (Alliance des Patriotes pour la Restauration de la Démocratie au Congo)Benjamin Ndikuyeze BigirabagaboNyatura BagaruzaNtuye, alias Tapis Rouge (until 2019) Kagiri (2019–)Nyatura BavugaNyatura BizagwiraBizagwira MuhindiNyatura CMC (Collectif des Mouvements pour le Changement)2014Nyatura Delta FDDH (Forces de défense des droits humains)2012Delta Gashamare (2012–2020) Manga (2020) Nyatura FPDH (Force de Défense du Peuple Hutu)2020Sore IndiaNyatura FPPH (Forces pour la Protection du Peuple Hutu)Soki