The 59th United States Congress was a meeting of the legislative branch of the United States federal government, composed of the United States Senate and the United States House of Representatives. It met in Washington, D.C. from March 4, 1905, to March 4, 1907, during the fifth and sixth years of Theodore Roosevelt's presidency. The apportionment of seats in the House of Representatives was based on the 1900 United States census. Both chambers had a Republican majority.
Major events
March 4, 1905: President Theodore Roosevelt began his second (only full) term.
Major legislation
May 28, 1906: Foreign Dredge Act of 1906 June 8, 1906: Antiquities Act June 29, 1906: Hepburn Act June 30, 1906: Pure Food and Drug Act of 1906 (Wiley Act), ch. 3915, June 30, 1906: Meat Inspection Act (Beveridge Act) 1906: The Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching chartered. March 2, 1907: Expatriation Act of 1907,
Party summary
Senate
House of Representatives
Leaders
Senate leadership
Presiding President: Charles W. Fairbanks (R) President pro tempore: William P. Frye (R) Republican Conference Chairman: William B. Allison Democratic Caucus Chair: Arthur Pue Gorman, until June 4, 1906 Joseph Clay Stiles Blackburn, afterwards Democratic Caucus Secretary: Edward W. Carmack
House leadership
Presiding Speaker: Joseph G. Cannon (R)
Majority (Republican) leadership Majority Leader: Sereno E. Payne Majority Whip: James E. Watson Republican Conference Chair: William Peters Hepburn
Minority (Democratic) leadership Minority Leader: John Sharp Williams Minority Whip: James T. Lloyd Democratic Caucus Chairman: Robert Lee Henry Democratic Campaign Committee Chairman: James M. Griggs
Members This list is arranged by chamber, then by state. Senators are listed by class, and representatives are listed by district. Skip to House of Representatives, below
Senate
At this time, senators were elected by the state legislatures every two years, with one-third beginning new six-year terms with each Congress. Preceding the names in the list below are Senate class numbers, which indicate the cycle of their election, In this Congress, Class 2 meant their term ended with this Congress, requiring reelection in 1906; Class 3 meant their term began in the last Congress, requiring reelection in 1908; and Class 1 meant their term began in this Congress, requiring reelection in 1910.
Alabama 2. John T. Morgan (D) 3. Edmund Pettus (D)
Arkansas 2. James H. Berry (D) 3. James P. Clarke (D)
California 1. Frank P. Flint (R) 3. George C. Perkins (R)
Colorado 2. Thomas M. Patterson (D) 3. Henry M. Teller (D)
Connecticut 1. Morgan G. Bulkeley (R) 3. Orville H. Platt (R), until April 21, 1905 Frank B. Brandegee (R), from May 10, 1905
Delaware 1. Henry A. du Pont, (R), from June 13, 1906 2. J. Frank Allee (R)
Florida 2. James P. Taliaferro (D) 3. Stephen Mallory (D)
Georgia 2. Augustus O. Bacon (D) 3. Alexander S. Clay (D)
Idaho 2. Fred Dubois (D) 3. Weldon B. Heyburn (R)
Illinois 2. Shelby M. Cullom (R) 3. Albert J. Hopkins (R)
Indiana 1. Albert J. Beveridge (R) 3. James A. Hemenway (R)
Iowa 2. Jonathan P. Dolliver (R) 3. William B. Allison (R)
Kansas 2. Joseph R. Burton (R), until June 4, 1906 Alfred W. Benson (R), June 11, 1906 - January 23, 1907 Charles Curtis (R), from January 29, 1907 3. Chester I. Long (R)
Kentucky 2. Joseph C. S. Blackburn (D) 3. James B. McCreary (D)
Louisiana 2. Murphy J. Foster (D) 3. Samuel D. McEnery (D)
Maine 1. Eugene Hale (R) 2. William P. Frye (R)
Maryland 1. Isidor Rayner (D) 3. Arthur P. Gorman (D), until June 4, 1906 William Pinkney Whyte (D), from June 8, 1906
Massachusetts 1. Henry Cabot Lodge (R) 2. Winthrop M. Crane (R)
Michigan 1. Julius C. Burrows (R) 2. Russell A. Alger (R), until January 24, 1907 William Alden Smith (R), from February 6, 1907
Minnesota 1. Moses E. Clapp (R) 2. Knute Nelson (R)
Mississippi 1. Hernando D. Money (D) 2. Anselm J. McLaurin (D)
Missouri 1. William Warner (R), from March 18, 1905 3. William J. Stone (D)
Montana 1. Thomas H. Carter (R) 2. William A. Clark (D) | Nebraska 1. Elmer J. Burkett (R) 2. Joseph H. Millard (R)
Nevada 1. George S. Nixon (R) 3. Francis G. Newlands (D)
New Hampshire 2. Henry E. Burnham (R) 3. Jacob H. Gallinger (R)
New Jersey 1. John Kean Jr. (R) 2. John F. Dryden (R)
New York 1. Chauncey M. Depew (R) 3. Thomas C. Platt (R)
North Carolina 2. Furnifold M. Simmons (D) 3. Lee S. Overman (D)
North Dakota 1. Porter J. McCumber (R) 3. Henry C. Hansbrough (R)
Ohio 1. Charles W. F. Dick (R) 3. Joseph B. Foraker (R)
Oregon 2. John H. Mitchell (R), until December 8, 1905 John M. Gearin (D), December 13, 1905 - January 23, 1907 Frederick W. Mulkey (R), from January 23, 1907 3. Charles W. Fulton (R)
Pennsylvania 1. Philander C. Knox (R) 3. Boies Penrose (R)
Rhode Island 1. Nelson W. Aldrich (R) 2. George P. Wetmore (R)
South Carolina 2. Benjamin R. Tillman (D) 3. Asbury C. Latimer (D)
South Dakota 2. Robert J. Gamble (R) 3. Alfred B. Kittredge (R)
Tennessee 1. William B. Bate (D), until March 9, 1905 James B. Frazier (D), from March 21, 1905 2. Edward W. Carmack (D)
Texas 1. Charles A. Culberson (D) 2. Joseph W. Bailey (D)
Utah 1. George Sutherland (R) 3. Reed Smoot (R)
Vermont 1. Redfield Proctor (R) 3. William P. Dillingham (R)
Virginia 1. John W. Daniel (D) 2. Thomas S. Martin (D)
Washington 1. Samuel H. Piles (R) 3. Levi Ankeny (R)
West Virginia 1. Nathan B. Scott (R) 2. Stephen B. Elkins (R)
Wisconsin 1. Robert M. La Follette Sr. (R)Robert M. La Follette was elected to the 59th Congress for the term starting March 4, 1905, but he did not assume the seat until January 2, 1906, preferring to finish his term as Governor of Wisconsin. Nevertheless, his Senate service technically began March 4, 1905. 3. John C. Spooner (R)
Wyoming 1. Clarence D. Clark (R) 2. Francis E. Warren (R)
House of Representatives
Alabama . George W. Taylor (D) . Ariosto A. Wiley (D) . Henry D. Clayton (D) . Sydney J. Bowie (D) . J. Thomas Heflin (D) . John H. Bankhead (D) . John L. Burnett (D) . William N. Richardson (D) . Oscar Underwood (D)
Arkansas . Robert B. Macon (D) . Stephen Brundidge Jr. (D) . John C. Floyd (D) . John S. Little (D), until January 14, 1907 . Charles C. Reid (D) . Joseph Taylor Robinson (D) . Robert M. Wallace (D)
California . James N. Gillett (R), until November 4, 1906 William F. Englebright (R), from November 6, 1906 . Duncan E. McKinlay (R) . Joseph R. Knowland (R) . Julius Kahn (R) . Everis A. Hayes (R) . James C. Needham (R) . James McLachlan (R) . Sylvester C. Smith (R)
Colorado . Robert W. Bonynge (R) . Herschel M. Hogg (R) . Franklin E. Brooks (R)
Connecticut . E. Stevens Henry (R) . Nehemiah D. Sperry (R) . Frank B. Brandegee (R), until May 10, 1905 Edwin W. Higgins (R), from October 2, 1905 . Ebenezer J. Hill (R) . George L. Lilley (R)
Delaware . Hiram R. Burton (R)
Florida . Stephen M. Sparkman (D) . Frank Clark (D) . William B. Lamar (D)
Georgia . Rufus E. Lester (D), until June 16, 1906 James W. Overstreet (D), from October 3, 1906 . James M. Griggs (D) . Elijah B. Lewis (D) . William C. Adamson (D) . Leonidas F. Livingston (D) . Charles L. Bartlett (D) . Gordon Lee (D) . William M. Howard (D) . Thomas Montgomery Bell (D) . Thomas W. Hardwick (D) . William G. Brantley (D)
Idaho . Burton L. French (R)
Illinois . Martin B. Madden (R) . James R. Mann (R) . William W. Wilson (R) . Charles S. Wharton (R) . Anthony Michalek (R) . William Lorimer (R) . Philip Knopf (R) . Charles McGavin (R) . Henry S. Boutell (R) . George E. Foss (R) . Howard M. Snapp (R) . Charles Eugene Fuller (R) . Robert R. Hitt (R), until September 20, 1906 Frank O. Lowden (R), from November 6, 1906 . Benjamin F. Marsh (R), until June 2, 1905 James McKinney (R), from November 7, 1905 . George W. Prince (R) . Joseph V. Graff (R) . John A. Sterling (R) . Joseph G. Cannon (R) . William B. McKinley (R) . Henry T. Rainey (D) . Zeno J. Rives (R) . William A. Rodenberg (R) . Frank S. Dickson (R) . Pleasant T. Chapman (R) . George Washington Smith (R)
Indiana . John H. Foster (R), from May 16, 1905 . John C. Chaney (R) . William T. Zenor (D) . Lincoln Dixon (D) . Elias S. Holliday (R) . James E. Watson (R) . Jesse Overstreet (R) . George W. Cromer (R) . Charles B. Landis (R) . Edgar D. Crumpacker (R) . Frederick Landis (R) . Newton W. Gilbert (R), until November 6, 1906 Clarence C. Gilhams (R), from November 6, 1906 . Abraham L. Brick (R)
Iowa . Thomas Hedge (R) . Albert F. Dawson (R) . Benjamin P. Birdsall (R) . Gilbert N. Haugen (R) . Robert G. Cousins (R) . John F. Lacey (R) . John A. T. Hull (R) . William P. Hepburn (R) . Walter I. Smith (R) . James P. Conner (R) . Elbert H. Hubbard (R)
Kansas . Charles Curtis (R), until January 28, 1907 . Justin De Witt Bowersock (R) . Philip P. Campbell (R) . James Monroe Miller (R) . William A. Calderhead (R) . William A. Reeder (R) . Victor Murdock (R) . Charles Frederick Scott (R)
Kentucky . Ollie M. James (D) . Augustus Stanley (D) . James M. Richardson (D) . David Highbaugh Smith (D) . J. Swagar Sherley (D) . Joseph L. Rhinock (D) . South Trimble (D) . George G. Gilbert (D) . Joseph B. Bennett (R) . Francis A. Hopkins (D) . Don C. Edwards (R)
Louisiana . Adolph Meyer (D) . Robert C. Davey (D) . Robert F. Broussard (D) . John Thomas Watkins (D) . Joseph E. Ransdell (D) . Samuel M. Robertson (D) . Arsène Paulin Pujó (D)
Maine . Amos L. Allen (R) . Charles E. Littlefield (R) . Edwin C. Burleigh (R) . Llewellyn Powers (R)
Maryland . Thomas A. Smith (D) . J. Frederick C. Talbott (D) . Frank C. Wachter (R) . John Gill Jr. (D) . Sydney E. Mudd (R) . George A. Pearre (R)
Massachusetts . George P. Lawrence (R) . Frederick H. Gillett (R) . Rockwood Hoar (R), until November 1, 1906 Charles G. Washburn (R), from December 18, 1906 . Charles Q. Tirrell (R) . Butler Ames (R) . Augustus P. Gardner (R) . Ernest W. Roberts (R) . Samuel W. McCall (R) . John A. Keliher (D) . William S. McNary (D) . John Andrew Sullivan (D) . John W. Weeks (R) . William S. Greene (R) . William C. Lovering (R)
Michigan . Edwin C. Denby (R) . Charles E. Townsend (R) . Washington Gardner (R) . Edward L. Hamilton (R) . William Alden Smith (R), until February 9, 1907 . Samuel W. Smith (R) . Henry McMorran (R) . Joseph W. Fordney (R) . Roswell P. Bishop (R) . George A. Loud (R) . Archibald B. Darragh (R) . H. Olin Young (R)
Minnesota . James Albertus Tawney (R) . James T. McCleary (R) . Charles Russell Davis (R) . Frederick C. Stevens (R) . Loren Fletcher (R) . Clarence Buckman (R) . Andrew Volstead (R) . James Bede (R) . Halvor Steenerson (R)
Mississippi . Ezekiel S. Candler Jr. (D) . Thomas Spight (D) . Benjamin G. Humphreys II (D) . Wilson S. Hill (D) . Adam M. Byrd (D) . Eaton J. Bowers (D) . Frank A. McLain (D) . John Sharp Williams (D)
Missouri . James T. Lloyd (D) . William W. Rucker (D) . Frank B. Klepper (R) . Frank B. Fulkerson (R) . Edgar C. Ellis (R) . David A. De Armond (D) . John Welborn (R) . Dorsey W. Shackleford (D) . James Beauchamp Clark (D) . Richard Bartholdt (R) . John T. Hunt (D) . Ernest E. Wood (D), until June 23, 1906 Harry M. Coudrey (R), from June 23, 1906 . Marion E. Rhodes (R) . William T. Tyndall (R) . Cassius M. Shartel (R) . Arthur P. Murphy (R)
Montana . Joseph M. Dixon (R)
Nebraska . Elmer J. Burkett (R), until March 4, 1905 Ernest M. Pollard (R), from July 18, 1905 . John L. Kennedy (R) . John J. McCarthy (R) . Edmund H. Hinshaw (R) . George W. Norris (R) . Moses P. Kinkaid (R)
Nevada