Bjørneboe is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Agnete Bjørneboe (born 1943), Tanzanian-born Danish artist and educator Jens Bjørneboe (1920–1976), Norwegian writer Sven Kærup Bjørneboe (born 1943), Norwegian essayist Therese Bjørneboe (born 1963), Norwegian theatre critic and editor