Artaphernes (, Old Persian: Artafarna) was the name of several people from ancient Persia: Artaphernes, 5th century BCE Persian general and brother to Darius the Great Artaphernes (nephew of Darius I), 5th century BCE Persian general, son of Artaphernes and nephew to Darius the Great Artaphernes (emissary), 5th century BCE man of ancient Persia sent on a diplomatic mission to Sparta by Artaxerxes I