The French cruiser Fleurus was a torpedo cruiser of the that was built for the French Navy () in the early 1890s. The ship had a main battery of five quick-firing guns, complemented by lighter guns and four torpedo tubes. Launched in 1891 in Rochefort, Fleurus was commissioned into the Mediterranean Squadron as part of the reserve. Trials demonstrated problems with the Admiralty boilers which, despite being replaced twice, meant that the ship was not ready for active service until they were replaced by Niclausse boilers. The cruiser was commissioned into the Northern Squadron () in Brest. After 30 months, the cruiser was decommissioned. In 1910, the ship joined the school for engineers at Lorient, and, two years later, returned to Rochefort as a hulk. In 1928, Fleurus was sold to be broken up.
Design and description The Wattignies-class cruisers were designed as enlarged and improved versions of the preceding by Louis de Bussy in 1888. The design was created in response to the 1884 publication (The navy, its past and its future, battleship and torpedo boat), in which the Minister of Marine, Auguste Gougeard, articulated his vision of the warship of the future. The ships measured overall and between perpendiculars, with a beam of and an average draft of , increasing to aft. Fleurus displaced . By 1904, this was listed as .
Fleurus was initially powered by two vertical triple-expansion steam engines, each driving a single propeller shaft, using steam provided by four coal-burning Admiralty boilers at a pressure of . he machinery was designed to produce a total of intended to give them a maximum speed of . The boilers were found to be defective in trials and were replaced. The ship was finally equipped with eight Niclausse boilers. Reported output was for a speed of . The cruiser carried of coal, which gave a range of at a speed of . The ship's complement amounted to 185 officers and enlisted men.
The main battery of the Wattignies class consisted of five 26.2-calibre M1881 QF guns. Two were located under the forecastle, two amidships on sponsons and one on the poop deck. For close-range defence against torpedo boats, they carried six M1885 3-pounder Hotchkiss guns and four 1-pounder Hotchkiss revolver cannons, all mounted singly. The ships were armed with four torpedo tubes, two carried forward and two on the sides. The deck was armoured with curved wrought iron that was thick in a similar way to the preceding Condor class. The armament was modified during service. By 1896, the torpedo tubes had been removed. At the same time, two of the Hotchkiss revolver cannons had been replaced by QF guns of the same bore.
Construction and career Fleurus was authorised in the 1890 budget and ordered from on 20 April. The authorisation was for a ship () rather than a torpedo cruiser (). Named after the Battle of Fleurus, the ship was laid down at the shipyard in Rochefort on 11 March 1891, the machinery having been ordered on 18 February. The cruiser was launched on 18 March 1893, and handed over for trials on 16 August. The total cost of the ship was £40,684. The cruiser was commissioned into the Mediterranean Squadron ().
Trials proved that there were issues in the boilers. After two years, the ship had been demoted to the second category of reserve. The boilers were replaced and trials resumed in January 1896, but the troubles remained. The upper plates in the new boilers leaked, and the ship was taken back to the yard for further work before returning to trials in March. The boilers were replaced twice, but this did not solve the problem. In 1897, the cruiser returned to the dockyard, and the Admiralty designs were replaced by eight Niclausse boilers. Trials resumed the following year. The ship was moved to the Northern Squadron (). The complement was reduced to 173.
Once trials were completed in March 1901, Fleurus was commissioned and deployed to Brest, joining the reserve of the Northern Squadron. After 30 months, the cruiser was decommissioned and was struck from the naval register on 8 March 1910. The ship was transferred to the school for engineers at Lorient. After a year, the vessel was put up for sale. Unable to find a buyer, the navy moved the ship back to Rochefort. Fleurus acted as a hulk until 1927. In 1928, the vessel was sold to be broken up.
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