A series of floods were in and around the cities of Bologna, Cesena, Forlì, Faenza, Ravenna, and Rimini, in the Emilia-Romagna region of Italy. The first floods occurred between 2 and 3 May 2023, killing two people. More severe floods took place on 16–17 May 2023, killing at least 15 people and displacing 50,000 others.
The same amount of rain which usually falls in seven months fell in two weeks, causing the overflow of twenty-three rivers across the region.Alluvione in Emilia Romagna, il meteorologo: "Mai così in un secolo, è l'evento più grave: questa è la crisi del clima . la RepubblicaMaltempo in Emilia Romagna, bilancio drammatico: otto morti. Una delle vittime trascinata per 20 chilometri. Diecimila evacuati. 21 fiumi esondati, 250 frane . la Repubblica In some areas, almost half the annual average of rain fell in only 36 hours.After Earthquakes and Drought, Floods Devastate Northern Italy . The New York Times Moreover, 400 landslides occurred in the area and 43 cities and towns were flooded. The provisional cost of the damage caused by the floods amounted to more than €10 billion (US$11 billion).
History
Following months of severe drought, heavy rains hit the Italian region between 2 and 3 May 2023, particularly within the provinces of Bologna and Ravenna. Some rivers overflowed in Romagna, causing widespread damage in the plains and killing two people. On 12 May, the Metropolitan City of Bologna was hit by a cloudburst, which caused minor floods.Acquazzone e grandinata, Porrettana allagata . BolognaTodayBomba d'acqua su Bologna, e via Saffi si riallaga un'altra volta . Agenzia Dire
The long-time effects of the drought and the persistent bad weather prevented the soil from draining; by 16 May, another storm—known as Storm Minerva—hit the region with uninterrupted heavy rain for almost two days. Twenty-three rivers across the region burst their banks. Fifteen people were killed during the floods;https://www.ansa.it/emiliaromagna/notizie/2023/05/23/alluvione-in-emilia-romagna-la-procura-di-ravenna-apre-un-fascicolo-per-disastro-colposo_79479deb-743b-4fae-a3d2-2e7de2e34dd3.html Trovato un cadavere a Lugo, è il 15/o morto dell'alluvione]. ANSA seven people died between Cesena and Forlì, seven died in Ravenna, and another one in San Lazzaro di Savena, near Bologna.Cade nel pozzo e muore annegato, tragedia a San Lazzaro (Bologna) . Il Resto del Carlino Damages also occurred in the Apennine areas, with more than 400 landslides counted across the four Italian provinces.Alluvione in Emilia-Romagna, l'Appennino si sgretola: 280 frane, paesi isolati. I sindaci: "Diverse case minacciate dagli smottamenti" . la Repubblica More than 50,000 people were displaced, with more than 4,800 of them finding temporary shelter in hotels and gyms indicated by local administrations.
While the storm ended in the afternoon of 17 May,La situazione maltempo in Emilia Romagna di mercoledì 17 maggio 2023 . Fanpage other floods occurred on the following days. Notably, the town of Lugo, near Ravenna, was completely flooded on the morning of 18 May,Alluvione a Lugo, in provincia di Ravenna. La città è inondata, c'è chi prova a lasciare le case . Rai News while Russi, in the same area, was evacuated on 19 May due to the overflow of the Emilia-Romagna Channel.Alluvione Emilia-Romagna: trovata a Faenza la 14esima vittima. Nuove evacuazioni a Ravenna. E torna la pioggia . la RepubblicaIl Cer era troppo pieno "Gonfiato dagli altri fiumi" . Il Resto del Carlino On 19 May, rain started to fall again.Meteo 19 maggio: al via una nuova fase di pioggia, coinvolta purtroppo anche l'Emilia Romagna. Le previsioni nei dettagli . Meteo On 20 May, alert remained high in the territory of Ravenna, where 36,000 people were evacuated.Alluvione in Emilia Romagna, cade elicottero di soccorso a Lugo: 4 feriti. Biden: "Condoglianze per le vittime". Allagamenti a Ravenna . la RepubblicaAlluvione in Emilia-Romagna, Ravenna pronta al giorno peggiore: 27 mila evacuati. Le previsioni: al Nord continua a piovere. Open
On 26 May, the town of Conselice, in the province of Ravenna, was evacuated for health reasons, since the stagnant water that was still flooding large areas of the town was full of waste and garbage, and so could have become a vector for either viral or bacterial infections.Conselice mayor orders evacuation for health reasons. ANSAAlluvione, acque stagnanti pericolose per la salute. A Conselice evacuate case allagate. Sky Tg24A Conselice è stata ordinata l'evacuazione delle case ancora allagate. Il Post On 27 May, Ferrovie dello Stato Italiane officially announced that access to the rail line between Bologna and Rimini, as well as the one between Faenza and Ravenna, would be fully restored from 29 May onwards, whilst the Ferrara–Ravenna–Rimini route would be completely re-activated on 30 May; all of the aforementioned lines stayed subject to variations and delays, since the standard number and top speed of vehicles available were set to be restored gradually.
Effects
On 17 May, Stefano Bonaccini, the president of Emilia-Romagna, stated that "in the last 24 hours, more than 300 millimeters of rain have fallen", and described the floods as a "catastrophic event, never seen before". Later on, Bonaccini also compared the impact of the floods to the 2012 Emilia earthquakes, stating that the damage was likely to be less significant but would still cost the region several billions of euros.
Luca Mercalli, president of the Italian Meteorological Society, stated that "two records were broken in 15 days in the same region. An event like the one that occurred on 2 May might happen once in a century, but then another one hit the same areas only 15 days later." Many events in the region were canceled or delayed due to the flooding. Throughout the Bologna metropolitan area, alongside many road closures, all schools and cultural activities were cancelled with people being strongly encouraged to work from home. The city's annual fun-run "StraBologna" was also postponed.
Frozen food company , based in Cesena, provided industrial-size freezers set at –25°C in order to store ancient books and manuscripts, some dating back to the 16th century, from several libraries in the worst-affected areas of Emilia-Romagna, including Forlì, San Benedetto in Cava, Lugo, and Sant'Agata sul Santerno, among other towns. The objective of the freezing process, which was usually used for ripe fruit and vegetables within three hours of harvesting, was to drain excess water from the books and prevent further damage, before drying and restoring them as soon as possible.
Emilia Romagna Grand Prix
A Formula One race at the Autodromo Internazionale Enzo e Dino Ferrari in Imola was scheduled to be part of the 2023 Formula One World Championship and to be held from 19 to 21 May 2023. On 16 May, all Formula One personnel were instructed to leave the paddock, citing precautionary steps after a rise in water level at the nearby Santerno river was reported. Due to the heavy rain observed throughout the week before the race, and after several rumors the day before, the Italian ministry called for the race to be postponed. Ultimately, the race was cancelled; an official statement from Formula One stated that the decision was made as it was not possible to safely hold the event for fans, teams, and personnel, and to lighten the load on local emergency services as they had already been pressured due to the storm damage. The cancelled Grand Prix's trophies, Ferrari Trento celebration bottle, and related items were auctioned to raise relief funds for Emilia-Romagna.
Bruce Springsteen concert controversy
On 18 May 2023, American singer-songwriter Bruce Springsteen and his E Street Band were set to perform at the in Ferrara as part of their 2023 world tour. Although the province of Ferrara was not between the areas directly affected by the floods, in the immediate aftermath of the disaster Springsteen fans and ticket-holders attempted to urge the organizers to reschedule the concert on social media in order to pay respect to the victims and avoid misplacement of emergency resources. After further examinations, both the Prefettura and the local council of Ferrara authorized Springsteen to go ahead with the concert.
The decision sparked heavy criticism towards Springsteen and his team, while both lead promoter Claudio Trotta and Alan Fabbri, the mayor of Ferrara, defended the choice to permit the show. Irene Priolo, the deputy vice-president of Protezione Civile for the Emilia-Romagna region, questioned the decision whilst clarifying that Ferrara's local authorities were the only institutions that had the right to either confirm or postpone the gig. During the concert, which reportedly involved 900 security members between police officers, volunteers, and first aid workers, Springsteen did not make any direct comments about the floods and their impact. On 26 May, Springsteen's guitarist Steven Van Zandt took to Twitter to answer a message from an Italian fan, stating that the band had not been informed of the emergency by anyone.
Reactions
Michele De Pascale, the mayor of Ravenna, called the floods the "worst disaster in a century", labeling the night between 16 and 17 May 2023 as the "worst one in the history of Romagna".
On the evening of 16 May, Matteo Salvini, the Deputy Prime Minister of Italy and Minister of Infrastructure and Transport, posted a tweet linking the tragic aftermath of the floods with the defeat of AC Milan (the team he was a supporter of) against Inter Milan in the 2023 UEFA Champions League semi-finals. He wrote: "Heart and commitment dedicated to the citizens of Emilia-Romagna who are fighting against water and mud. An AC Milan without heart, grit and ideas does not even deserve a thought." Salvini, who was set to be directly involved in the management of the emergency due to his political duties, later deleted the tweet but was nonetheless heavily criticized for his apparent lack of taste and empathy. The Democratic Party-led regional government was accused by several local members of right-wing parties, such as Brothers of Italy and Lega, of being directly responsible for the floods, allegedly due to poor maintenance of the rivers' banks.
During an interview on Rai Radio 1 on 18 May, Gilberto Pichetto Fratin, the Minister of the Environment, announced that the Italian government would activate the state of calamity for all of the areas damaged by the flooding from 23 May onwards. The decision, which was set to receive an official approval by the Ministry of Agriculture, was aimed to help farm workers get easier access to indemnities and other economic measures. In the same interview, Pichetto Fratin announced the activation with immediate effect of a national economic recovery package, which would suspend the payment of taxes and loan agreements for all the citizens and businesses affected by the floods; he also previewed the introduction of a national plan of climate change adaptation, acknowledging the significant impact of climate change on the rising frequency of natural disasters in Italy and across the world.
On 20 May, Italian Prime Minister Giorgia Meloni officially announced that she would depart the 49th G7 summit in Hiroshima, Japan, early in order to return to Italy and help coordinate the emergency, stating that she "could not remain so far from Italy in such a complex moment". While departing, Meloni thanked fellow G7 leaders for their offers of aid to the victims of the floods. She landed in Rimini the following day, and visited the provinces of Forlì and Ravenna, as well as the city of Faenza, before meeting regional president Stefano Bonaccini and Fabrizio Curcio, the head of Protezione Civile, at the Prefettura of Ravenna.