Margaret Gabrielle Vere Long (née Campbell; 1 November 1885 – 23 December 1952), who used the pseudonyms Marjorie Bowen, George R. Preedy, Joseph Shearing, Robert Paye, John Winch, and Margaret Campbell or Mrs. Vere Campbell,Jessica Amanda Salmonson (ed) (1998) Twilight and other Supernatural Romances: Introduction, quoting Hilary Long, son of Marjorie Bowen. was a British author who wrote historical romances and supernatural horror stories, as well as works of popular history and biography.Robert Hadji, "Marjorie Bowen" in Jack Sullivan (ed.) (1986), The Penguin Encyclopedia of Horror and the Supernatural, pp. 50–51.
Life Bowen was born in 1885 on Hayling Island in Hampshire. Her alcoholic father Vere Douglas Campbell left the family when Bowen was young and was eventually found dead on a London street. She and her sister grew up in poverty, and their mother was reportedly unaffectionate."Long, Mrs. Gabrielle Margaret Vere (Campbell)", in Stanley J. Kunitz and Howard Haycraft, Twentieth Century Authors, A Biographical Dictionary of Modern Literature (Third Edition). New York: The H.W. Wilson Company, 1950 (pp. 845–6). Bowen studied at the Slade School of Fine Art and later in Paris. At the age of 16, Bowen wrote her first work of fiction, a violent historical novel set in medieval Italy titled The Viper of Milan. The book was rejected by several publishers, who considered it inappropriate for a young woman to have written such a novel. It went on to become a best-seller when eventually published. After this, Bowen's prolific writings were the chief financial support for her family.
Bowen became a vegetarian after witnessing animals being butchered at street markets. She purchased market animals to free them. She was married twice: first, from 1912 to 1916, to a Sicilian, Zefferino Emilio Constanza, who died of tuberculosis, and then to Arthur L. Long. Bowen had four children; a son and a daughter (who died in infancy) with Constanza, and two sons with Long. Her son with Costanza was Michael Magnus Vere Custance CB who went on to be Deputy Secretary for the Ministry of Transport and Civil Aviation. Her son with Long, Athelstan Charles Ethelwulf Long, was a colonial administrator.
In 1938, Bowen signed a petition organised by the National Peace Council, calling for an international peace conference in an effort to avert war in Europe.National Petition for A New Peace Conference,(23 November 1938) National Peace Council. (p. 8).
In an interview for Twentieth Century Authors, she listed her hobbies as "painting, needlework and reading". Her cousin was the artist Nora Molly Campbell (1888–1971). Bowen died on 23 December 1952 at the St Charles Hospital in Kensington, London after suffering a serious concussion as a result of a fall in her bedroom.
Work
Bowen wrote more than 150 books, with the majority being published under the pseudonym "Marjorie Bowen". She also wrote under the names Joseph Shearing, George R. Preedy, John Winch, Robert Paye and Margaret Campbell. After publishing The Viper of Milan (1906), she produced a steady stream of writings until her death. Under her own name, Bowen primarily published historical novels, including a trilogy about King William III: I Will Maintain (1910), Defender of the Faith (1911), and God and the King (1911).F. Seymour Smith, What Shall I Read Next? A Personal Selection of Twentieth Century English Books. Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 2010. (p. 95). Her 1909 novel Black Magic is a Gothic horror novel about a medieval witch.Black Magic: A Tale of the Rise and Fall of Antichrist (1909) is a Gothic novel uniting historical and supernatural elements..." George M Johnson, Late-Victorian and Edwardian British Novelists. Detroit; Gale Research, 1995. (p.45). Bowen also wrote non-fiction history books aimed at a popular readership.
Under the pseudonym "Joseph Shearing", Bowen wrote several mystery novels inspired by real crimes. For instance, For Her to See (1947, So Evil My Love) is a fictionalised version of the Charles Bravo murder.Jane W. Stedman, "Shearing, Joseph" in Twentieth Century Crime and Mystery Writers, edited by James Vinson and D.L. Kirkpatrick. St. James Press, 1985. (pp. 797–801). The Shearing novels were especially popular in the United States, with Moss Rose, The Golden Violet and Forget-Me-Not achieving both critical and commercial success, being championed by reviewers such as Phil Stong."Shearing, Joseph", in Stanley J. Kunitz and Howard Haycraft, Twentieth Century Authors, A Biographical Dictionary of Modern Literature (Third Edition). New York, The H.W. Wilson Company, 1950 (pp. 845–6). Until the late 1940s, the identity of Shearing was not known to the general public, and some speculated it was the pseudonym of F. Tennyson Jesse.
Under the "George R. Preedy" pseudonym, Bowen wrote two non-supernatural horror novels, Dr. Chaos and The Devil Snar'd.Neil Wilson, Shadows in the Attic: A Guide to British Supernatural Fiction, 1820–1950. Boston Spa, British Library, 2000. (p. 97). Her last, posthumous, novel was The Man with the Scales (1954), about a man obsessed with revenge, and contains supernatural elements reminiscent of the works of E. T. A. Hoffmann.Edward Wagenknecht. Seven Masters of Supernatural Fiction. New York: Greenwood Press, 1991 (pp. 165, 180). Many of these stories were published as Berkley Medallion Books. Several of her books were adapted as films.
Bowen's supernatural short fiction was gathered in three collections: The Last Bouquet (1933), The Bishop of Hell (1949) (featuring an introduction by Michael Sadleir) and the posthumous Kecksies, edited for Arkham House in the late 1940s, but not published until 1976.
Critical reception Bowen's books are much sought after by aficionados of gothic horror and received praise from critics. Graham Greene stated in his Paris Review interview (Autumn 1953), "I chose Marjorie Bowen [as a major influence] because as I have told you, I don't think that the books that one reads as an adult influence one as a writer... But books such as Marjorie Bowen's, read at a young age, do influence one considerably."The Art of Fiction:Graham Greene Horror reviewer Robert Hadji described Bowen as "one of the great supernatural writers of this century". Fritz Leiber referred to "Marjorie Bowen's brilliant Black Magic".Fritz Leiber, "Wonder and Terror" in Kirby McCauley, Frights St. Martin's Press, 1976. (p.5) Jessica Amanda Salmonson, discussing The Last Bouquet, described Bowen's prose as "stylish and moody, dramatic to the highest degree" and stated "what in other hands is merely tacky or gross is, from Marjorie Bowen, a superior art, chilling and seductive".Jessica Amanda Salmonson, "The Last Bouquet", in Stephen Jones, Kim Newman (ed.), Horror: 100 Best Books. London. Xanadu, 1988. (pp. 120–122).
Sally Benson in The New Yorker, discussing the "Joseph Shearing" books, wrote, "Mr Shearing is a painstaking researcher, a superb writer, a careful technician, and a master of horror. There is no one else quite like him." Reviewing The Crime of Laura Sarelle Will Cuppy stated, "Those who want a good workout of the more perilous emotions will do well to read Mr. Shearing's impressive tale of love, death and doom.... Join the Shearing cult and meet one of the most malevolent females in song or story." In an article about women writers, the Australian newspaper The Courier-Mail described Bowen as "one of the best of our modern novelists."The Courier-Mail, 6 February 1988. Sheldon Jaffery stated that Bowen's "weird fiction ranks favorably with such distaff portrayers of the supernatural as Mary Wilkins-Freeman, Edith Wharton and Lady Cynthia Asquith."Sheldon Jaffery, The Arkham House Companion, San Bernardino, California: Borgo Press, 1990. (p. 117)
By contrast, Colin Wilson criticized Bowen as a writer of "bad adventure stories" in a review of A Sort of Life by Graham Greene.Colin Wilson, "Colin Wilson on Grahame Greene's Autobiography", The Spectator, 18 September 1973.
Adaptations Writing as Marjorie Bowen,Nell Gwyn: A Decoration, by Marjorie Bowen, Hodder and Stoughton, London, 1926. This book was not written under the pen name, Joseph Shearing her 1926 novel Mistress Nell Gwyn was made into a film Nell Gwyn the same year directed by Herbert Wilcox and starring Dorothy Gish and Randle Ayrton. Writing as George Preedy, her 1928 novel, General Crack, was adapted as the film General Crack (1930), starring John Barrymore Writing as Joseph Shearing, her 1934 novel, Moss Rose, was adapted as the film Moss Rose (1947) Writing as Joseph Shearing her 1939 novel, Blanche Fury was adapted as the film Blanche Fury (1948) Writing as Marjorie Bowen, her 1943 novel Airing in a Closed Carriage was adapted as the film The Mark of Cain (1947) Writing as Joseph Shearing, her 1947 novel So Evil My Love was adapted as the film So Evil My Love (1948)
Works
As Marjorie Bowen The Viper of Milan (1906) The Master of Stair (1907), published in the US as The Glen o' Weeping The Sword Decides (1908) A Moment's Madness (1908) The Leopard and the Lily (1909) Black Magic: a Tale of the Rise and Fall of the Antichrist (1909) I Will Maintain (1910, revised 1943) God and the King (1911) Defender of the Faith (1911) God's Playthings (1912) Lover's Knots (1912) The Rake's Progress (1912) The Quest of Glory (1912) The Governor of England (1913) A Knight of Spain (1913) The Two Carnations (1913) Prince and Heretic (1914) Because of These Things (1915) Mr Washington (1915), published in the US as The Soldier from Virginia The Carnival of Florence (1915) Shadows of Yesterday (1916) – short stories William, by Grace of God (1916) Curious Happenings (1917) – short stories The Third Estate (1917); revised edition, Eugenie (1971) Kings-at-Arms (1918) The Burning Glass (1918) Crimes of Old London (1919) – short stories Mr Misfortunate (1919) The Cheats, A Romantic Fantasy (1920) The Pleasant Husband and other stories (1921) Roccoco (1921) The Haunted Vintage (1921) The Jest, from "La Cena delle beffe" by Sem Benelli, translated and adapted into novel form by Bowen (1922) Affairs of Men, selections from Bowen's novels (1922) Stinging Nettles (1923) – a semi-autobiographical novel relating to Bowen's doomed marriage to Zefferino Seeing Life! and Other Stories (1923) The Presence and the Power: A Story of Three Generations (1924) Five People (1925) "Luctor et Emergo": being an historical essay on the state of England at the Peace of Ryswyck, 1697 – history (1926) Boundless Water (1926) The Seven Deadly Sins: Tales (1926) Mistress Nell Gwyn, published in the UK as Nell Gwyn: A Decoration (1926) The Netherlands Display'd – non-fiction "Five Winds" (1927) The Pagoda (1927) Dark Ann (1927) – short stories Exits and Farewells (1928) The Golden Roof (1928) The Story of the Temple and its Associations (1928) The Countess Fanny (1928) Holland (1928) – a tourist's guide to the Netherlands William, Prince of Orange (Afterwards king of England): being an account of his early life up to his twenty-fourth year (1928) Sundry Great Gentlemen (1928) – biographies The Winged Trees (1928) Sheep's Head and Babylon, and Other Stories of Yesterday and Today (1929) – short stories The Third Mary Stuart, Mary of York, Orange and England (1929) Dickon (1929) The Gorgeous Lovers and other Tales (1929) Mademoiselle Maria Gloria by Bowen, with The Saving of Castle Malcolm by Madeleine Nightingale (1929) The Lady's Prisoner by Bowen, with The Story of Mr. Bell by Geoffrey M. Boumphrey (1929) A Family Comedy (1840) (1930) Exits and Farewells: Being some account of the last days of certain historical characters (1930) The English Paragon (1930) Old Patch's Medley; or, a London miscellany (1930) – short stories The Question (1931) Brave Employments (1931) Withering Fires (1931) – mystery novel Grace Latouche and the Warringtons (1931) – short stories The Shadow on Mockways (1932) – a Grand Guignol melodrama