The Cambay Shale Formation is an Early Eocene-aged geologic formation in the Cambay Basin, India. It varies in thickness from a few meters on the margins of the basin to more than 2,500m in the depressions. It directly overlies the Olpad Formation and is, in turn, overlain by the Anklesvar Formation in the southern part of the basin and by Kalol Formation in the northern part of the basin. Further north, the Cambay Shale, in its lower part, is gradually replaced by tongues of paralic-deltaic Kadi Formation and finally by Tharad Formation.

Paleobiota Vertebrates

Mammals Source: Anthracobunians from the Cambay Shale formation Genus Species Stratigraphic position Notes Images Cambaytherium C. thewissi A cambaytheriid. C. gracilisC. bidens Kalitherium K. marinus Another cambaytheriid. Indobune I. vastanensis A possible anthracobunid.

Primates from the Cambay Shale formation Genus Species Stratigraphic position Notes Images Asiadapis A. cambayensis An Asiadapine. A. tapiensis Marcgodinotius M. indicus Another Asiadapine. Vastanomys V. gracilis A omomyid. V. major

Hyaenodonts from the Cambay Shale formation Genus Species Stratigraphic position Notes Images Indohyaenodon I.raoi A hyaenodont.

Dichobunids from the Cambay Shale formation Genus Species Stratigraphic position Notes Images Gujaratia G. indica A Diacodexeid. G. pakistanensis

Tapiromorphs from the Cambay Shale formation Genus Species Stratigraphic position Notes Images Cambaylophus C. vastanensis A tapiromorph. Vastanolophus V. holbrooki A tapiromorph.

Cimolestans from the Cambay Shale formation Genus Species Stratigraphic position Notes Images Suratilestes S. gingerichi A cimolestan. Anthraconyx A. hypsomylus A esthonychid

Bats from the Cambay Shale formation Genus Species Stratigraphic position Notes Images Archaeonycteris A. storchi A bat. Protonycteris P. gunnelli A bat. Cambaya C. complexus A bat. Hassianycteris H. kumari A bat. Icaronycteris I. sigei A bat. Jaegeria J. cambayensis A bat. Microchiropteryx M. folieae A bat.

Other mammals from the Cambay Shale formation Genus Species Stratigraphic position Notes Images Frugivastodon F. cristatus A apatemyid. Indolestes I. kalamensis An adapisoriculid. Indodelphis I. luoi A opossum. Meldimys M. musak A rodent. Indonyctia I. cambayensis A nyctitheriid. PaheliaP. mysteriosaA herbivorous mammal of uncertain affinities.

Birds Birds from the Cambay Shale formation Genus Species Stratigraphic position Notes Images Vastanavis V.eocaena A parrot.

Reptiles Lizards from the Cambay Shale formation Genus Species Stratigraphic position Notes Images Indiagama I. gujarata A iguanian. Suratagama S. neeraae A iguanian. Tinosaurus T. indicus A iguanian. Vastanagama V. susanae A iguanian. Heterodontagama H. borsukae A priscagamid iguanian.

Snakes from the Cambay Shale formation Genus Species Stratigraphic position Notes Images Platyspondylophis P. tadkeshwarensis A Madtsoiid. Russellophis R. crassus A russelophiid. Procerophis P. sahnii A snake. Thaumastophis T. missiaeni A snake. Palaeophis P. vastaniensis A paleophiid snake.

Amphibians Amphibians from the Cambay Shale formation Genus Species Stratigraphic position Notes Images Eobarbourula E. delfinoi A toad. Indorana I.prasadi A frog.

Ray-finned fish Ray-finned fish from the Cambay Shale formation Genus Species Stratigraphic position Material Notes Images Avitoplectus A. molarisLower jaw A bizarre tetraodontiform.DiodonD. sp.TeethA porcupinefish.EgertoniaE. sp.TeethA phyllodontid elopomorph.?Enchodus?E. sp.TeethAn enchodontid aulopiform. Among the latest known remains of this otherwise Cretaceous genus, but may potentially represent reworked material from lower layers.EotrigonodonE. indicusTeethA pycnodont.EutrichiuridesE. sp.TeethA cutlassfish.Osteoglossidae indet.Teeth, scalesA bonytongue.SphyraenaS. sp.TeethA barracuda.StephanodusS. lybicusTeethA pycnodont.

Arthropods Crabs

Crabs from the Cambay Shale formation Genus Species Stratigraphic position Notes Images Philyra P. karkata A leucosiid crab.

Insects Beetles from the Cambay Shale formation Genus Species Stratigraphic position Notes Images Protoclaviger P.trichodens A Beetle. Cambaltica C. paleoindica A Flea Beetle. Paleosorius P. cambayensis A Rove Beetle.

Hemipterans from the Cambay Shale formation Genus Species Stratigraphic position Notes Images Heteromargarodes H. hukamsinghi A sand pearl. H. americanus Normarkicoccus N. cambayae A diaspidid scale insect.

Neuropterans from the Cambay Shale formation Genus Species Stratigraphic position Notes Images Spiloconis S. sexguttata A Aleuropterygine Coniopterygid. S. glaesariaS. oedilomaS. eominuta

Bees from the Cambay Shale formation Genus Species Stratigraphic position Notes Images Melikertes M. (Paramelikertes) gujaratensis A bee. M. (Melikertes) kamboja

Wasps from the Cambay Shale formation Genus Species Stratigraphic position Notes Images Trichelyon T. tadkeshwarense A braconid wasp.

Termites from the Cambay Shale formation Genus Species Stratigraphic position Notes Images Nanotermes N. isaacae A termitid termite. Prostylotermes P. kamboja A Stylotermitid termite. Parastylotermes P. krishnai A Stylotermitid termite. Zophotermes Z. ashoki A Rhinotermitid termite

Flies from the Cambay Shale formation Genus Species Stratigraphic position Notes Images Sycorax S. longistyla A moth fly. Phlebotoiella P. eoindianensis A moth fly of unceritian affinities. Dicranomyia D. (Dicranomyia) indica The oldest known Crane fly and tipulomorph. Stempellina S.pollex A non-biting midge S.stebneri Tanytarsus T.forfex A non-biting midge T.ramus Camptopterohelea C. odora A non-biting midge Eohelea E. indica A biting midge Gedanohelea G. gerdesorum A biting midge Indorrhina I.sahnii A biting midge Lygistorrhina L. indica A biting midge Meunierohelea M. borkenti A biting midge Meunierohelea M. cambayana A biting midge Meunierohelea M. orientalis A biting midge Palaeognoriste P. orientale A biting midge

Webspinners from the Cambay Shale formation Genus Species Stratigraphic position Notes Images Kumarembia K. hurleyi One of the few fossil Webspinners known.

Arachnids

Whip spiders from the Cambay Shale formation Genus Species Stratigraphic position Notes Images Paracharonopsis P. cambayensis A Paracharontid.

Plants Plants from the Cambay Shale formation Genus Species Stratigraphic position Notes Images Pterospermoxylon P. suratensis An angiosperm. Anthocephalophyllum A. vastanicum An angiosperm. Ebenoxylon E. cambayense An angiosperm. Gardeniophyllum G. cambayum An angiosperm. Calophyllaceophyllum C. eocenicum An angiosperm. Carallioipollenites C. integerrimoides An angiosperm known from fossilised pollen. Gynocardia G. eocenica An angiosperm.

References