This is a chronological timeline of events that are centered around the politics of Nepal after its unification by Prithvi Narayan Shah.
After unification: 1769–1846 +Date in A.D.Date in B.S.Event17691826 Kathmandu is declared the capital of Nepal with Prithvi Narayan Shah as the ruler of the unified country.17751831Prithvi Narayan Shah dies; his son Pratap Singh Shah is crowned king.17771834Pratap Singh Shah dies; Rana Bahadur Shah is crowned king.17991855Rana Bahadur Shah abdicates the throne; Girvan Yuddha Bikram Shah is crowned king.18061862–1863 Bhimsen Thapa becomes the Mukhtiyar (Prime Minister) after he leads the 1806 Bhandarkhal massacre. Rana Bahadur Shah is beheaded by his half-brother, Sher Bahadur Shah.18161873Girvan Yuddha Bikram Shah dies; Rajendra Bikram Shah is crowned king.18391896Bhimsen Thapa commits suicide due to the news of his wife forced to roam around the city naked are circulated by his enemies.18461902Kot massacre results in the killing of more than 40 members of the palace and starts the autocratic Rana dynasty in Nepal with Jung Bahadur Rana as its first prime minister.
Rana regime: 1846–1951
+Date in A.D.Date in B.S.Event184619031846 Bhandarkhal massacre occurs led by Jung Bahadur Rana.18471904King Rajendra is forced by Jung Bahadur Rana to abdicate the throne in favor of his son and heir Surendra Bikram Shah.18541910Jung Bahadur Rana introduces the Muluki Ain.18771933Prime minister Jung Bahadur Rana dies; Ranodip Singh Kunwar becomes the prime minister.18811937Rajendra Bikram Shah dies at the age of 67; King Surendra also dies at the age of 51 making Prithvi Bir Bikram Shah the king.18851941Prime minister Ranodip Singh Kunwar is assassinated by his nephews; Bir Shumsher becomes the prime minister.5 March 190123 Falgun 1957Prime minister Bir Shumsher dies; Dev Shumsher becomes the prime minister.27 June 190114 Ashad 1958Prime minister Dev Shumsher is deposed by his relatives; Chandra Shumsher becomes the prime minister.11 December 191126 Mangshir 1968King Prithvi Bir Bikram Shah dies; Tribhuvan is crowned king.26 November 192911 Mangshir 1986Prime minister Chandra Shumsher dies; Bhim Shumsher becomes the prime minister.1 September 193217 Bhadra 1989Prime minister Bhim Shumsher dies; Juddha Shumsher becomes the prime minister.2 June 193620 Jestha 1993Nepal's first political party, Nepal Praja Parishad is founded (led by Tanka Prasad Acharya).29 November 194514 Mangshir 2002Padma Shumsher becomes the prime minister.25 January 194612 Magh 2002Nepali National Congress is formed (led by BP Koirala, Matrika Prasad Koirala, Ganesh Man Singh, etc.).30 April 194818 Baisakh 2005Mohan Shumsher becomes the prime minister.4 August 194820 Shrawan 2005Nepal Democratic Congress is formed (led by Subarna Shamsher Rana, Surya Prasad Upadhyaya, etc).9 April 19506 Chaitra 2006Nepali National Congress and Nepal Democratic Congress merge forming the Nepali Congress.7 November 195022 Kartik 2007King Tribhuvan goes into exile; Gyanendra is crowned king in the absence of Tribhuvan of Nepal.7 January 195123 Poush 2007Tribhuvan returns from exile and reclaims the title of King putting an end to the autocratic Rana dynasty.
Transitional phase: 1951–1960 +Date in A.D.Date in B.S.Event16 November 19511 Mangshir 2008Matrika Prasad Koirala becomes the first commoner to be elected a prime minister.20 November 19525 Mangshir 2009Former prime minister Juddha Shumsher dies.15 March 19551 Chaitra 2011King Tribhuvan dies; Mahendra is crowned king.27 May 195913 Jestha 2016BP Koirala becomes the first democratically elected prime minister.15 December 19601 Poush 2017King Mahendra leads a coup d'état dismissing the cabinet of B.P. Koirala and introduces the Panchayat, a partyless political system.
Panchayat system: 1960–1990 +Date in A.D.Date in B.S.Event31 January 197217 Magh 2028King Mahendra dies; Birendra is crowned king.26 December 197811 Poush 2035CPN (Marxist–Leninist) forms which includes leaders like Madan Bhandari, KP Sharma Oli, Madhav Kumar Nepal, etc.2 May 198020 Baisakh 2037In the 1980 Nepalese governmental system referendum, the people vote in favor of the Panchayat system against a multi-party system. The Panchayat system receives a total of 2.4 million votes, while the multi-party system receives 2 million votes.9 May 198127 Baisakh 2038The first general election is held to elect the members of the Rastriya Panchayat. Since political parties were banned at the time, the main parties (Nepali Congress, and other communist parties) boycotted the electionShaha, Rishikesh. Politics in Nepal 1980–1990. New Delhi: Manohar Publications, 1990. p. 106-107.21 July 19826 Shrawan 2039Nepali Congress leader BP Koirala dies. An estimated half a million people attend his funeral.12 May 198629 Baisakh 2043Second general election is held to elect the members of the Rastriya Panchayat. 19872043CPN (Marxist) forms through the merger of the CPN (Manmohan) led by Man Mohan Adhikari and the CPN (Pushpa Lal) led by Sahana Pradhan.19902046An alliance of communist parties called United Left Front is formed to protest against the absolute monarchy and the Panchayat system.18 February 19907 Falgun 20461990 Nepalese revolution commences. Almost all of the political parties cooperate with each other in this revolution.8 April 199026 Chaitra 2046King Birendra lifts the ban on political parties.10 September 199025 Bhadra 2047Independent Constitution Recommendation Commission, which was appointed by King Birendra to represent the opposition faction, presents him with a draft of the proposed constitution. 9 November 199023 Kartik 2047The interim cabinet of Krishna Prasad Bhattarai approves the draft constitution. King Birendra promulgates the new constitution transforming Nepal into a constitutional monarchy.
Constitutional monarchy: 1990–2008 +Date in A.D.Date in B.S.Event6 January 199122 Poush 2047Two constituents of the United Left Front, CPN (Marxist) and CPN (Marxist–Leninist) merge on 6 January 1991 to form the CPN (Unified Marxist–Leninist) rendering the ULF inactive.12 May 199129 Baisakh 2048First multi-party election is held. Nepali Congress wins a majority of 110 seats although the interim prime minister Krishna Prasad Bhattarai loses by a narrow margin. The communist parties gather a total of 82 seats.29 May 199115 Jestha 2048Girija Prasad Koirala becomes the prime minister.6 May 199324 Baisakh 2050Madan Bhandari dies in an accident at Dasdhunga, Chitwan. An investigation led by KP Oli deemed it to be an unsolved mystery.11 July 199427 Ashad 2051Division within the Nepali Congress results in Girija Prasad Koirala losing the support of 36 congress members in a parliamentary vote. He resigns and King Birendra dismisses the cabinet announcing a new election.15 November 199429 Kartik 2051Second multi-party election is held. CPN (Unified Marxist–Leninist) led by Man Mohan Adhikari wins the election with 88 votes. Nepali Congress led by Girija Prasad Koirala wins 83 votes. Rastriya Prajatantra Party led by Surya Bahadur Thapa wins 20 votes.30 November 199414 Mangshir 2051CPN (Unified Marxist–Leninist) forms a minority government with Man Mohan Adhikari as the prime minister.13 June 199530 Jestha 2052King Birendra prematurely dissolves the parliament upon the suggestion of prime minister Man Mohan Adhikari.28 August 199512 Bhadra 2052The Supreme Court reinstates the parliament following a complaint lodged by Sher Bahadur Deuba, Lokendra Bahadur Chand, etc.10 September 199525 Bhadra 2052Prime minister Man Mohan Adhikari resigns after losing in a Congress led no-confidence motion.12 September 199527 Bhadra 2052Sher Bahadur Deuba becomes the prime minister after the coalition of Nepali Congress, Rastriya Prajatantra Party, and Sadbhavana Party.13 February 19961 Falgun 2052The CPN (Maoist Centre) initiates Nepalese Civil War. More than 17,000 people died in this civil war.6 March 199723 Falgun 2053Prime minister Sher Bahadur Deuba loses a vote of confidence.10 March 199727 Falgun 2053Lokendra Bahadur Chand becomes the prime minister after a coalition of Rastriya Prajatantra Party, Communist Party of Nepal, and Sadbhavana Party.11 September 199726 Bhadra 2054Former prime minister and Nepali Congress leader Matrika Prasad Koirala dies at the age of 85 due to cardiac arrest.17 September 19971 Ashwin 2054Nepali Congress leader Ganesh Man Singh dies at the age of 81.4 October 199718 Ashwin 2054Government headed by Lokendra Bahadur Chand is defeated in a vote of no-confidence led by Girija Prasad Koirala.6 October 199720 Ashwin 2054Surya Bahadur Thapa of Rastriya Prajatantra Party forms a coalition government.5 March 199831 Falgun 2054A major faction of CPN (Unified Marxist–Leninist) leaves the party and forms the CPN (Marxist–Leninist) (1998) with Bam Dev Gautam as its chairman.10 April 199828 Chaitra 2054Prime minister Surya Bahadur Thapa resigns following a prior agreement with Nepali Congress.12 April 199830 Chaitra 2054Girija Prasad Koirala forms a minority government. Later joined by CPN (Unified Marxist–Leninist), and Sadbhavana Party.15 January 19991 Magh 2055King Birendra dissolves the parliament calling for an election in May. CPN (Maoist Centre) boycotts the election.19 April 19996 Baisakh 2056Former prime minister and CPN (Unified Marxist–Leninist) leader Man Mohan Adhikari dies due to a heart attack.3–17 May 199920 Baisakh-3 Jestha 20561999 Nepalese general election is held in two phases. Nepali Congress led by Krishna Prasad Bhattarai wins the election with 111 votes, while the CPN (Unified Marxist–Leninist) led by Madhav Kumar Nepal wins 71 votes and the Rastriya Prajatantra Party led by Surya Bahadur Thapa wins 11 votes.31 May 199917 Jestha 2056Krishna Prasad Bhattarai of Nepali Congress becomes the prime minister for the second time.16 February 20004 Falgun 2056A major faction of Nepali Congress led by Girija Prasad Koirala signs a no-confidence motion against the prime minister.16 March 20003 Chaitra 2056Prime minister Krishna Prasad Bhattarai resigns. Girija Prasad Koirala to become the next prime minister for the third time.1 June 200119 Jestha 2058Nepalese royal massacre occurs; King Birendra and his family dies, and Dipendra is crownd king while in hospital.4 June 200122 Jestha 2058King Dipendra is pronounced dead; His uncle Gyanendra becomes the king.23 July 20018 Shrawan 2058The government and the CPN (Maoist Centre) rebels announce a temporary ceasefire to negotiate peace deals.26 July 200111 Shrawan 2058Prime minister Girija Prasad Koirala resigns as he fails to tackle the uprising violence; Sher Bahadur Deuba replaces him.13 November 200128 Kartik 2058The ceasefire between the government and the CPN (Maoist Centre) rebels stops after failed negotiations.26 November 200111 Mangshir 2058The government declares a state of emergency throughout the country and full mobilization of the army against rebels listing the CPN (Maoist Centre) as a "terrorist organization".15 February 20023 Falgun 2058CPN (Marxist–Leninist) (1998) merges with CPN (Unified Marxist–Leninist). However, C. P. Mainali refuses the merger and restructures his own CPN (Marxist–Leninist) (2002).22 May 20028 Jestha 2059King Gyanendra dissolves the parliament and called for early elections.26 May 200212 Jestha 2059Prime minister Deuba splits from Nepali Congress and forms a new party Nepali Congress (Democratic) over a dispute with Girija Prasad Koirala about the renewal of the state of emergency.4 October 200218 Ashwin 2059Prime minister Deuba formally asks the king to defer the election dates until November 2003. King Gyanendra responds by dismissing the government