Sir Israel Gollancz (13 July 1863 Births Sep 1863 GOLLANEZ Israel London City 1c 77 – 23 June 1930Deaths Jun 1930 Gollancy Israel 66 Willesden 3a 310) was a British philologist and academic who was a scholar of early English literature and of William Shakespeare. He was Professor of English Language and Literature at King's College, London, from 1903 to 1930.Joseph Jacobs and Victor Rousseau Emanuel. "Gollancz, Israel". In Singer, Isidore; et al. (eds.). The Jewish Encyclopedia. New York: Funk & Wagnalls
Life and career Gollancz was born 13 July 1863, in London, the sixth of seven children of Rabbi Samuel Marcus Gollancz (1820–1900), cantor of the Hambro Synagogue, London, and his wife, Johanna Koppell.England 1871 census. Class: RG10; Piece: 436; Folio: 10; Page: 16; GSU roll: 823356. He was the younger brother of Sir Hermann Gollancz and the uncle of the publisher Victor Gollancz. As a Jew, Gollancz faced significant antisemitism in his life and career, which was reflected in his academic work through his recurrent interest in Shakespeare's representation of Jewishness in A Merchant of Venice. Later in his life, many of his friends knew him by the nickname "Goblin".Gordon McMullan, 'Goblin's Market: Commemoration, Anti-semitism and the Invention of "Global Shakespeare" in 1916', in Celebrating Shakespeare: Commemoration and Cultural Memory, ed. by Clara Calvo and Coppélia Kahn (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2015), pp. 182-201; .
Gollancz was educated at the City of London School, University College London, and Christ's College, Cambridge, where he graduated with a second-class degree in the medieval and modern languages tripos in 1887.Hyamson, A. H., and Baker, William (rev.), "Gollancz, Sir Israel (1863–1930)", Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press, 2004; online edition, May 2006. Retrieved 4 April 2023. He lectured for a number of years at Cambridge University, and in 1896 was appointed the first lecturer of English there. In 1910, he married Alide Goldschmidt in London.Marriages Sep 1910 Gollancz Israel Paddington 1a 231
He was a founder member and the first Secretary (1902–1930) of the British Academy and of the committee for a Shakespeare Memorial Theatre, which eventually became the Royal National Theatre in London, and he was the Director of the Early English Text Society. He edited the "Temple" Shakespeare, a uniform edition of the complete works in pocket-size volumes which was the most popular Shakespeare edition of its day. In 1916, as Honorary Secretary of the Shakespeare Tercentenary Committee, he also edited A Book of Homage to Shakespeare, an anthology of responses to Shakespeare from scholars, thinkers and other prominent figures from around the world. He also produced a translation in modern English of the important medieval Christian allegorical poem Pearl, which he theorized may have been the work of Ralph Strode. He contributed articles to the Dictionary of National Biography. Gollancz was knighted in 1919.. Professor Israel Gollancz, Secretary of the British Academy since its foundation. In 1922 he delivered the British Academy's Shakespeare Lecture.
Death and legacy Gollancz died on 23 June 1930 in London, and was buried on 26 June at the Willesden Jewish Cemetery. In the year of his death, the British Academy held a memorial lecture in his name, at which they unveiled a bust of Sir Israel. Despite this prestige, Gollancz seems to have been regarded by the succeeding generation of scholars in his field as part of an "old guard" prone to fancy and unscholarly conjecture.H. L. Spencer, 'The Mystical Philology of J. R. R. Tolkien and Sir Israel Gollancz: Monsters and Critics', Tolkien Studies, 14 (2017), 9–32 .
He had been working on an edition of Sir Gawain and the Green Knight, which was unfinished when he died. His long-time collaborator, Mabel Day, completed the work and it was published in 1940. Mum and the Sothsegger was also completed by Day and Robert Steele and published in 1936.
The British Academy awards the Sir Israel Gollancz prize for Early English Studies.
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