The 2023 Atlantic hurricane season saw an above average number of named storms and an average number of hurricanes and major hurricanes (category 3 or higher on the 5-level Saffir–Simpson wind speed scale). There were twenty named storms during the season; seven of them strengthened into hurricanes, and three of those reached major hurricane intensity. The season officially began on June 1, 2023, and ended on November 30. These dates, adopted by convention, historically describe the period in each year when most subtropical or tropical cyclones form in the Atlantic. However, tropical cyclone formation is possible at any time of the year, as was the case this season, when an unnamed subtropical storm formed on January 16. The last system to dissipate was Hurricane Tammy, on October 28.

This timeline documents tropical cyclone formations, strengthening, weakening, landfalls, extratropical transitions, and dissipations during the season. It includes information that was not released throughout the season, meaning that data from post-storm reviews by the National Hurricane Center, such as a storm that was not initially warned upon, has been included.

The time stamp for each event is first stated using Coordinated Universal Time (UTC), the 24-hour clock where 00:00 = midnight UTC. The NHC uses both UTC and the time zone where the center of the tropical cyclone is currently located. The time zones utilized (east to west) are: Greenwich, Cape Verde, Atlantic, Eastern, and Central. In this timeline, the respective area time is included in parentheses. Additionally, figures for maximum sustained winds and position estimates are rounded to the nearest 5 units (miles, or kilometers), following National Hurricane Center practice. Direct wind observations are rounded to the nearest whole number. Atmospheric pressures are listed to the nearest millibar and nearest hundredth of an inch of mercury. __TOC__

Timeline

January January 16

12:00 UTC (8:00 a.m. AST) at A subtropical storm forms about southeast of Nantucket, Massachusetts.

January 17 00:00 UTC (8:00 p.m. AST, January 16) at The unnamed subtropical storm reaches peak intensity with maximum sustained winds of and a minimum central pressure of , about south-southeast of Halifax, Nova Scotia. 12:45 UTC (8:45 a.m. AST) at The unnamed subtropical storm makes landfall at Louisbourg, Nova Scotia, with sustained winds of . 18:00 UTC (2:00 p.m. AST) at The unnamed subtropical storm transitions to a post-tropical low south of the coast of far eastern Quebec, and subsequently dissipates.

June June 1 The Atlantic hurricane season officially begins. 12:00 UTC (7:00 a.m. CDT) at Tropical Depression Two forms off the western coast of Florida.

June 2 18:00 UTC (1:00 p.m. CDT) at Tropical Depression Two strengthens into Tropical Storm Arlene.

June 3 00:00 UTC (7:00 p.m. CDT, June 2) at Tropical Storm Arlene reaches peak intensity with maximum sustained winds of and a minimum central pressure of . 06:00 UTC (1:00 a.m. CDT) at Tropical Storm Arlene weakens to a tropical depression. 12:00 UTC (8:00 a.m. EDT) at Tropical Depression Arlene degenerates into a remnant low, and subsequently dissipates.

June 19 06:00 UTC (2:00 a.m. AST) at Tropical Depression Three forms from a tropical wave about east of Barbados. 18:00 UTC (2:00 p.m. AST) at Tropical Depression Three strengthens into Tropical Storm Bret about east of Barbados.

June 22

00:00 UTC (8:00 p.m. AST, June 21) at Tropical Depression Four forms from a tropical wave over the central tropical Atlantic. 06:00 UTC (2:00 a.m. AST) at Tropical Storm Bret reaches peak intensity with maximum sustained winds of and a minimum central pressure of , east of Barbados.

June 23 00:00 UTC (8:00 p.m. AST, June 22) at Tropical Depression Four strengthens into Tropical Storm Cindy east of the Lesser Antilles. 03:15 UTC (2:15 a.m. AST) at Tropical Storm Bret makes landfall with sustained winds of on Saint Vincent, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines.

June 24 06:00 UTC (2:00 a.m. AST) at Tropical Storm Cindy reaches peak intensity with maximum sustained winds of and a minimum central pressure of . 12:00 UTC (8:00 a.m. EDT) at Tropical Storm Bret opens into a trough about northwest of Aruba, and subsequently dissipates.

June 26 03:00 UTC (11:00 p.m. AST, June 25) at Tropical Storm Cindy degenerates to an open wave about north-northeast of the Northern Leeward Islands.

July July 14 00:00 UTC (8:00 p.m. AST, July 13) at Subtropical Storm Don forms from an area of low pressure about southwest of the Azores.

July 16 12:00 UTC (8:00 a.m. AST) at Subtropical Storm Don weakens to a subtropical depression about west of the Azores.

July 17

06:00 UTC (6:00 a.m. GMT) at Subtropical Depression Don transitions to a tropical depression about west of the Azores.

July 18 00:00 UTC (12:00 a.m. GMT) at Tropical Depression Don strengthens into a tropical storm about west of the Azores.

July 22 18:00 UTC (2:00 p.m. AST) at Tropical Storm Don strengthens into a Category 1 hurricane and simultaneously reaches peak intensity with maximum sustained winds of and a minimum central pressure of , about west-northwest of the Azores.

July 23 06:00 UTC (5:00 a.m. AST) at Hurricane Don weakens to a tropical storm about northwest of the Azores.

July 24 06:00 UTC (6:00 a.m. GMT) at Tropical Storm Don transitions to a post-tropical cyclone about northwest of the Azores.

August August 19 06:00 UTC (2:00 a.m. AST) at Tropical Depression Six forms from a tropical wave east of the northern Leeward Islands.

August 20 00:00 UTC (8:00 p.m. AST, August 19) at Tropical Storm Emily forms from a tropical wave over the open tropical Atlantic. 12:00 UTC (8:00 a.m. AST) at Tropical Storm Emily reaches peak intensity with maximum sustained winds of and a minimum central pressure of . 12:00 UTC (8:00 a.m. AST) at Tropical Depression Six strengthens into Tropical Storm Gert east of the northern Leeward Islands. 21:00 UTC (5:00 p.m. AST) at Tropical Storm Franklin forms from an area of low pressure about south-southeast of Isla Saona, Dominican Republic.

August 21 06:00 UTC (2:00 a.m. AST) at Tropical Storm Emily degenerates to a remnant low. 12:00 UTC (8:00 a.m. AST) at Tropical Storm Gert weakens to a tropical depression about east of the northern Leeward Islands. 18:00 UTC (6:00 p.m. CDT) at Tropical Depression Nine forms about east of Brownsville, Texas, from a tropical wave.

August 22 06:00 UTC (1:00 a.m. CDT) at Tropical Depression Nine strengthens into Tropical Storm Harold about east of Brownsville. 12:00 UTC (8:00 a.m. AST) at Tropical Depression Gert degenerates to a remnant low east-southeast of the northern Leeward Islands. 15:00 UTC (10:00 a.m. CDT) at Tropical Storm Harold reaches peak intensity with maximum sustained winds of and a minimum central pressure of , and simultaneously makes landfall at Big Shell Beach, Padre Island, Texas.

August 23 00:00 UTC (7:00 p.m. CDT, August 22) at Tropical Storm Harold weakens to a tropical depression over northeastern Mexico. 12:00 UTC (8:00 a.m. EDT) at Tropical Storm Franklin makes landfall with sustained winds of , about south-southwest of Barahona, Dominican Republic. 12:00 UTC (7:00 a.m. CDT) at Tropical Depression Harold degenerates to a remnant low over the Big Bend region of Texas and later dissipates.

August 26 12:00 UTC (7:00 a.m. CDT) at Tropical Depression Ten forms from a disturbance that originated in the eastern Pacific Ocean about east-southeast of Cancún, Quintana Roo. 15:00 UTC (11:00 a.m. AST) at Tropical Storm Franklin strengthens into a Category 1 hurricane about east-northeast of Grand Turk Island.

August 27 06:00 UTC (1:00 a.m. CDT) at Tropical Depression Ten makes land fall on Cozumel. 12:00 UTC (7:00 a.m. CDT) at Tropical Depression Ten strengthens into Tropical Storm Idalia about southeast of Cozumel. 15:00 UTC (11:00 a.m. AST) at Hurricane Franklin intensifies to Category 2 strength about north-northeast of Grand Turk Island.

August 28 09:00 UTC (5:00 a.m. EDT) at Hurricane Franklin intensifies to Category 3 strength about north of Grand Turk Island. 11:35 UTC (7:35 a.m. EDT) at Hurricane Franklin intensifies to Category 4 strength about north of Grand Turk Island.

August 29

00:00 UTC (8:00 p.m. EDT, August 28) at Hurricane Franklin reaches peak intensity with maximum sustained winds of and a minimum central pressure of , about west-southwest of Bermuda. 00:00 UTC (8:00 p.m. AST, August 28) at Tropical Depression Eleven forms over the central subtropical Atlantic from a tropical wave. 06:00 UTC (1:00 a.m. CDT) at Tropical Storm Idalia strengthens into a Category 1 hurricane about north of the western tip of Cuba. 18:00 UTC (2:00 p.m. EDT) at Hurricane Franklin weakens to Category 3 strength about west-southwest of Bermuda.

August 30 00:00 UTC (8:00 p.m. EDT) at Hurricane Idalia intensifies to Category 2 strength about west of Tampa, Florida. 06:00 UTC (2:00 a.m. EDT) at Hurricane Idalia intensifies to Category 3 strength about southwest of Cedar Key, Florida. 09:00 UTC (5:00 a.m. EDT) at Hurricane Idalia intensifies to Category 4 strength and simultaneously reaches peak intensity with maximum sustained winds of and a minimum central pressure of , about south of Tallahassee, Florida. 09:00 UTC (5:00 a.m. AST) at Hurricane Franklin weakens to Category 2 strength about west-northwest of Bermuda. 11:45 UTC (7:45 a.m. EDT) at Hurricane Idalia makes landfall at Category 3 strength with sustained winds of , near Keaton Beach, Florida. 18:00 UTC (2:00 p.m. EDT) at Hurricane Idalia weakens to a tropical storm near Waycross, Georgia.

August 31 00:00 UTC (8:00 p.m. AST, August 30) at Tropical Depression Eleven strengthens into Tropical Storm Jose. 12:00 UTC (8:00 a.m. EDT) at Tropical Storm Idalia transitions to an extratropical cyclone about east of Cape Fear, North Carolina. 18:00 UTC (2:00 p.m. AST) at Remnants of Gert re-develop into a tropical depression far north of the Leeward Islands. 18:00 UTC (5:00 p.m. CVT) at Tropical Depression Twelve forms from a tropical wave near Cabo Verde. 21:00 UTC (5:00 p.m. AST) at Hurricane Franklin weakens to Category 1 strength about northeast of Bermuda.

September September 1

00:00 UTC (8:00 p.m. AST, August 13) at Tropical Storm Jose reaches peak intensity with maximum sustained winds of and a minimum central pressure of . 18:00 UTC (2:00 p.m. AST) at Tropical Depression Gert re-strengthens to a tropical storm. 18:00 UTC (2:00 p.m. AST) at Tropical Storm Jose becomes absorbed into PostTropical Cyclone Franklin. 21:00 UTC (5:00 p.m. AST) at Hurricane Franklin transitions to an extratropical cyclone about northeast of Bermuda.

September 2 00:00 UTC (11:00 p.m. CVT, September 1) at Tropical Depression Twelve strengthens into Tropical Storm Katia. 18:00 UTC (2:00 p.m. AST) at Tropical Storm Katia reaches peak intensity with maximum sustained winds of and a minimum central pressure of .

September 3 00:00 UTC (8:00 p.m. AST, September 2) at Tropical Storm Gert reaches peak intensity with maximum sustained winds of and a minimum central pressure of .

September 4 00:00 UTC (12:00 a.m. GMT) at Tropical Storm Katia weakens to a tropical depression. 06:00 UTC (6:00 a.m. GMT) at Tropical Depression Katia degenerates to a remnant low and subsequently dissipates. 15:00 UTC (11:00 a.m. AST) at Tropical Storm Gert degenerates into a remnant low and later dissipates.

September 5 12:00 UTC (8:00 a.m. AST) at Tropical Depression Thirteen forms from a tropical wave about midway between the coast of west Africa and the Windward Islands. 18:00 UTC (2:00 p.m. AST) at Tropical Depression Thirteen strengthens into Tropical Storm Lee.

September 6 18:00 UTC (2:00 p.m. AST) at Tropical Storm Lee strengthens into a Category 1 hurricane.

September 7 12:00 UTC (8:00 a.m. AST) at Hurricane Lee intensifies to Category 2 strength.