US Naval Base New Guinea was number of United States Navy bases on the island of New Guinea (then divided into Dutch New Guinea, the Territory of New Guinea and the Territory of Papua) during World War II. Australia entered World War II on 3 September 1939, being a self-governing nation within the British Empire. The United States formally entered the war on 7 December 1941, following the attack on Pearl Harbor by the Empire of Japan. Following the attack on Pearl Harbor, Japan quickly took over much of the South Pacific Ocean. The United States lost key naval bases in the South Pacific, including Naval Base Manila and Naval Base Subic Bay, both lost in the 1941–42 invasion of the Philippines. Also lost were Naval Base Guam and Wake Atoll. As such, the United States Armed Forces needed new bases in the South West Pacific for staging attacks on Japan's southern empire. The United States built bases first in Australia, then in New Guinea.

History

With the American-British-Dutch-Australian Command (ABDACOM) the Allies tried to limit the advance of Japan. ABDACOM did not have enough troops or supplies to carry out the mission. The northern parts of New Guinea was captured by Japan. The US Naval built bases for troops, ships, submarines, PT boats, seaplanes, supply depots, training camps, fleet recreation facilities, and ship repair depots. To keep supplies following the bases were supplied by the vast II United States Merchant Navy. Some of the bases were shared with the Royal Australian Navy and Royal Australian Air Force. By spring 1943, the build up of the US Navy to support the Pacific War had caused overcrowding at the ports on the east coast of Australia. To help the US Navy Seabees departed Naval Base Brisbane on 19 June 1943 to set up a new base in Milne Bay. The Naval Base Milne Bay was a new major United States Navy sea and airbase base built on Milne Bay in Milne Bay Province in south-eastern Papua New Guinea. New Guinea is a tropical rainforest island near the equator. Troops had to battle heavy rains and tropical diseases. After the war in 1945, the New Guinea bases closed.US Navy, Bases of World War II

Japan built a large base at Rabaul on the island of New Britain with 110,000 Japanese troops. Rabaul was invasion bypassed in the island hoping Pacific war efforts. Rabaul was attacked by air and had its supply lines cut off by sea, called Operation Cartwheel, making the neutralisation of Rabaul. The “Gibraltar of the Pacific”US NavyRabaul, New BritainUS NavyRabaul pacificwrecks.com

Major bases in New Guinea Naval Base Milne Bay Fleet Pos Office # 167 codename Edur Kana Kopa PT Boat Base FPO# 714 Milne Bay Submarine Base Gilli Gilli Base FPO# 717 Swinger Bay Alotau Base FPO# 818 Hilimoi Bay hospital FPO# 817 Naval Base Port Moresby FPO# 162 Naval Base Finschhafen FPO# 722 code codename Urom at Dreger Harbour Naval Base Hollandia FPO# 3115 Naval Base Madang FPO# 928 Naval Base Woodlark Island FPO# 528 Naval Base Merauke Naval Base Biak Island to support Mokmer Airfield. FPO# 3505 Naval Base Manus, in the Admiralty Islands, just north of New Guinea, including Seeadler Harbor

Minor bases in New Guinea

Naval Base Lae Naval Base Mios Woendi Naval Base Fegrusson on Fegrusson Island FPO # 523 Naval Base Samarai Island on Samarai Islands FPO # 421 Naval Base Goodenough Island on Goodenough Island FPO # 724 Naval Base Aitape at Aitape FPO# 927 Naval Base Wewak at Wewak FPO# 3074 Naval Base Saidor at Saidor FPO# 3086 Naval Base Sungum FPO# 3088 Naval Base Japen Island on Japen Island Naval Base Vogelkop on Vogelkop Island Naval Base Cape Sansapor FPO# 3151 Naval Base Kornasoren FPO# 3155 and Naval Base Kamirion FPO#3265 on Noemfoor Island in support of Kornasoren Airfields Naval Base in Tufi, PT boat base Naval Base at Gasmata Fleet Post Office #723 Naval Base Wakde Island on Wakde Island in support of Wakde Airfield FPO# 3415 Naval Base Noemfoor Buna, Papua New Guinea – Advanced Base, airfield, PT boat base (Battle of Buna–Gona) Base on Sasavele Island FPO# 529, part of the Landings on Rendova Base at Mohile, FPO# 806 Naval Base Ondonga, FPO# 626, at Ondonga Airfield Naval Base Cape Gloucester, New Britain FPO# 721 Naval Base Talasea at Talasea, New Britain FPO# 941 Naval Base Hoskins at Hoskins Airport, New Britain FPO# 942 Naval Base Rabaul at Rabaul, New Britain FPO# 3068 Naval Base Nantambu at Nantambu, New Britain FPO# 3422 Naval Base Green Islands at Green Islands after battle PT boat base Naval Base Emirau in Homestead Lagoon on Emirau Island, New Britain, PT Boat base Naval Base Kiriwina, at Kiriwina Island, PT boat base and support of Kiriwina Airfield Naval Base Rein Bay, PT boat base at Naval Base Amsterdam Island at Amsterdam Island also called Mios Su Fergusson Island PT Boat Base

POWs

As in other theaters of war Japan's treatment of POWs and civilians was very poor. Many were exhausted from hunger and disease. Many deaths were caused by the diversion of food, such as rice, to Japanese troops from the New Guinea population. Some were turned into Japan's forced labourers, called romusha. quoted in International Red Cross packages were not distributed to POWs.Marcel Junod, International Red CrossResearching Japanese War Crimes January 28, 2015, National Archives In the New Guinea there were both massacres and executions of POWs:An account of the Japanese occupation of Banjumascornell.eduJapanese Occupation of the Dutch East Indies and the Colijn Sisters 7/6/2017 by Mei Mei Chun-Moy At the Tol Plantation massacre 160 Australian were executed and at nearby Waitavalo Plantation, another group of eleven Australian prisoners were shot. On the Japanese destroyer Akikaze on 18 March 1943 German residents from Wewak, New Guinea were executed. About thirty German residents, including German clergymen, nuns with two children were taken after Japan suspected a radio transmitter at Wewak was reporting ship movements to the Americans."The Australian War Crimes Trials and Investigations (1942-51), p.51 by DC Sissons. Australian POW, Sgt. Leonard Siffleet, captured in New Guinea, was beheaded in 1943.AWM Collection Record: 101099 at Australian War Memorial. Retrieved on 25 April 2009.Sergeant Leonard George (Len) Siffleet: Timeline at Australian War Memorial. Retrieved on 25 April 2009. Spencer Walklate an Australian Army POW and Eagleton POW were tortured and murdered on Muschu Island a Schouten IslandsSpencer Walklate, tortured, murdered, lost in the mud but never forgotten, By Daniel Lanesmh.com.au The Japanese Lieutenant Hisata Tomiyasu found guilty of killing 14 Indian soldiers and of cannibalism at Wewak in 1944. A common activity in New Guinea.Dark Stories of Japanese Cannibalism in World War Two By Jhemmylrut Teng, medium.comPapua New Guinea War Crimesapnews.com

Gallery

See also Naval Base Borneo Axis naval activity in Australian waters US Naval Advance Bases List of Royal Australian Navy bases

External links youtube, World War 2 – Defence of Australia

References

Sources