The 2024 United States House of Representatives elections were held on November 5, 2024, to elect the 435 representatives of the United States House of Representatives, as well as 6 non-voting delegates from the District of Columbia and inhabited U.S. territories. The elections were held together with other federal, state, and local elections, including the U.S. presidential election and elections to the Senate, as part of the 2024 United States general election. The winners of these elections serve in the 119th United States Congress, with seats apportioned among states based on the 2020 United States census.
The House Republican Conference has been led by Mike Johnson since October 2023, following the removal of Kevin McCarthy as Speaker of the House and the speaker election that Johnson won. He is the first congressman from Louisiana to be elected Speaker of the House.
With the election of Hakeem Jeffries as leader of the House Democratic Caucus, this was the first House election since 2002 in which the Democratic Party was not led by Nancy Pelosi. Jeffries is the first African American in the history of Congress to serve as leader of either party, and the first congressman from New York to do so since Bertrand Snell's retirement in 1938.
The election was expected to be highly competitive, with forecasts suggesting less than a five-seat difference between the two parties. Events that have occurred during the 118th Congress include the January 2023 speakership election, the 2023 debt-ceiling crisis, the removal of Kevin McCarthy from the speakership, the ensuing October 2023 speakership election, and the expulsion of George Santos. No party has lost House control after a single congressional term since 1954.
The Republicans, led by incumbent Speaker Mike Johnson, narrowly maintained control of the House with a small majority of 220 seats (the narrowest since 1930), winning the House popular vote by 4 million votes and a narrow margin of 2.6%. This resulted in the smallest Republican majority since 2000. Democrats made a net gain of 1 seat from the Republicans, which represents the smallest net change in US history in the House of Representatives. The majority was decided by just over 7,000 votes across three congressional districts (Iowa's 1st, Colorado's 8th, and Pennsylvania's 7th) out of nearly 148 million cast in these elections; this was a roughly 2-point bias in favor of Democrats, resulting from Democratic outperformance in swing districts. Despite the Democratic overperformance, the results gave Republicans a government trifecta for the first time since the 115th Congress, after the 2016 election.
These elections marked the first time since 2016 where Republicans won a majority of the congressional delegation in Pennsylvania and Michigan. They also marked the first time since 2008 in which Democrats won more than one seat in Alabama, and the first time since 2006 when Democrats won more than one seat in Louisiana. However, both cases were due to new seats created by redistricting. These elections saw Republicans win the majority of congressional districts in 30 states while the Democrats won a majority in 18 states. Two states (Colorado and Minnesota) elected a split house delegation. Sarah McBride of Delaware became the first openly transgender member elected to the United States Congress. This was the third presidential election cycle in a row in which the victorious presidential party lost seats in the House while holding its majority.
Electoral system Forty-six states used the first-past-the-post voting plurality-win system to elect their representatives. Instant-runoff voting was used in two states (Alaska and Maine), and the runoff system was used in two states (Georgia and Louisiana).
Results
Federal The 2024 election results are compared below to the 2022 election. The table does not include blank and over or under votes, both of which were included in the official results.
+ ↓ 220 215 Republican Democratic
Parties Popular vote Seats Vote % Change 2022 2024 +/− Strength Republican Party 74,390,864 49.75% -0.28 222 220 2 50.6% Democratic Party 70,571,330 47.19% -0.10 213 215 2 49.4% Independent 852,373 0.57% +0.10 — — — — Libertarian Party 709,405 0.47% -0.20 — — — — Green Party 182,841 0.12% +0.06 — — — — Constitution Party 179,149 0.12% +0.09 — — — — Other parties 2,545,275 1.70% +0.33 — — — — Write-ins 112,184 0.08% -0.02 — — — — Totals 149,543,421 100.00% — 435 435 100.00% Source: Election Statistics – Office of the Clerk Per state StateTotal seatsRepublicanDemocraticSeatsChangeSeatsChangeAlabama75 12 1Alaska11 10 1Arizona963Arkansas440California529 343 3Colorado84 14 1Connecticut505Delaware101Florida28208Georgia1495Hawaii202Idaho220Illinois17314Indiana972Iowa440Kansas431Kentucky651Louisiana64 12 1Maine202Maryland817Massachusetts909Michigan137 16 1Minnesota844Mississippi431Missouri862Montana220Nebraska330Nevada413New Hampshire202New Jersey1239New Mexico303 New York267 319 3North Carolina1410 34 3North Dakota110Ohio15105Oklahoma550Oregon61 15 1Pennsylvania1710 27 2Rhode Island202South Carolina761South Dakota110Tennessee981Texas382513Utah440Vermont101Virginia1156 Washington102 8 West Virginia220Wisconsin862Wyoming110Total435220 2215 2
Maps
Retirements
A total of 46 representatives and 2 non-voting delegates (25 Democrats and 23 Republicans) retired, 19 of whom (12 Democrats and 7 Republicans) retired to run for other offices.
Democratic
: Ruben Gallego retired to run for the U.S. Senate. : Barbara Lee retired to run for the U.S. Senate. : Anna Eshoo retired. : Tony Cárdenas retired. : Adam Schiff retired to run for the U.S. Senate. : Grace Napolitano retired. : Katie Porter retired to run for the U.S. Senate. : Lisa Blunt Rochester retired to run for the U.S. Senate. : Dutch Ruppersberger retired. : John Sarbanes retired. : David Trone retired to run for the U.S. Senate. : Elissa Slotkin retired to run for the U.S. Senate. : Dan Kildee retired. : Dean Phillips retired (initially ran for President of the United States). : Annie Kuster retired. : Andy Kim retired to run for the U.S. Senate. : Kathy Manning retired due to redistricting. : Wiley Nickel retired due to redistricting. : Jeff Jackson retired to run for attorney general of North Carolina due to redistricting. : Gregorio Sablan retired. : Earl Blumenauer retired. : Colin Allred retired to run for the U.S. Senate. Virginia 7: Abigail Spanberger retired to run for governor of Virginia. : Jennifer Wexton retired.
Republican
: Debbie Lesko retired to run for the Maricopa County Board of Supervisors. : Greg Lopez retired. : Doug Lamborn retired. : Bill Posey retired. : Drew Ferguson retired. : Jim Banks retired to run for the U.S. Senate. : Greg Pence retired. : Larry Bucshon retired. : Garret Graves retired due to redistricting. : Blaine Luetkemeyer retired. : Matt Rosendale retired (initially ran for the U.S. Senate). : Dan Bishop retired to run for attorney general of North Carolina. : Patrick McHenry retired. : Kelly Armstrong retired to run for governor of North Dakota. : Brad Wenstrup retired. : Jenniffer González-Colón retired to run for governor of Puerto Rico. : Jeff Duncan retired. : Kay Granger retired. : Michael C. Burgess retired. : John Curtis retired to run for the U.S. Senate. : Cathy McMorris Rodgers retired. : Alex Mooney retired to run for the U.S. Senate.
Resignation and deaths Three seats were left vacant on the day of the general election due to resignation or deaths in 2024, one of which was not filled until the next Congress.
Democratic Two Democrats died in office. : Bill Pascrell died on August 21, 2024. : Sheila Jackson Lee died on July 19, 2024. A special election to fill the remainder of her term was held concurrently with the general election for the next full term, won by Erica Lee Carter.
Republican One Republican resigned before the end of the term. : Mike Gallagher resigned on April 24. A special election to fill the remainder of his term was held concurrently with the general election for the next full term, won by Tony Wied.
Incumbents defeated In primary elections Democratic Two Democrats lost renomination. : Cori Bush lost renomination to Wesley Bell, who won the general election. : Jamaal Bowman lost renomination to George Latimer, who won the general election.
Republicans Two Republicans lost renomination. : Jerry Carl lost a redistricting race to fellow incumbent Barry Moore, who won the general election. : Bob Good lost renomination to John McGuire, who won the general election.
In general elections Democrats Four Democrats, one of whom was a freshman, lost re-election to Republicans. : Mary Peltola (first elected in a 2022 special election) lost to Nick Begich III. : Yadira Caraveo (first elected in 2022) lost to Gabe Evans. : Susan Wild (first elected in 2018) lost to Ryan Mackenzie. : Matt Cartwright (first elected in 2012) lost to Rob Bresnahan.
Republicans Seven Republicans, five of whom were freshmen, lost re-election to Democrats. : John Duarte (first elected in 2022) lost to Adam Gray. : Mike Garcia (first elected in 2020) lost to George Whitesides. California 45: Michelle Steel (first elected in 2020) lost to Derek Tran. : Anthony D'Esposito (first elected in 2022) lost to Laura Gillen. : Marc Molinaro (first elected in 2022) lost to Josh Riley. : Brandon Williams (first elected in 2022) lost to John Mannion. : Lori Chavez-DeRemer (first elected in 2022) lost to Janelle Bynum.
Open seats that changed parties
Republican seats won by Democrats Three Republican seats were won by Democrats. : Won by Shomari Figures. : Won by Cleo Fields. : Won by Pablo Hernández Rivera.
Democratic seats won by Republicans Five Democratic seats were won by Republicans. : Won by Tom Barrett. : Won by Addison McDowell. : Won by Brad Knott. : Won by Tim Moore. : Won by Kimberlyn King-Hinds.
Open seats that parties held
Democratic seats held by Democrats Democrats held twenty-four of their open seats. : Won by Yassamin Ansari. : Won by Lateefah Simon. : Won by Sam Liccardo. : Won by Luz Rivas. : Won by Laura Friedman. : Won by Gil Cisneros. : Won by Dave Min. : Won by Sarah McBride. : Won by Johnny Olszewski. : Won by Sarah Elfreth. : Won by April McClain Delaney. : Won by Kristen McDonald Rivet. : Won by Kelly Morrison. : Won by Wesley Bell. : Won by Maggie Goodlander. : Won by Herb Conaway. : Won by Nellie Pou. : Won by George Latimer. : Won by Maxine Dexter. : Won by Sylvester Turner. : Won by Julie Johnson. : Won by Eugene Vindman. : Won by Suhas Subramanyam. : Won by Emily Randall.
Republican seats held by Republicans Republicans held twenty-three of their open seats. : Won by Abraham Hamadeh. : Won by Jeff Hurd. : Won by Jeff Crank. : Won by Mike Haridopolos. : Won by Brian Jack. : Won by Marlin Stutzman. : Won by Jefferson Shreve. : Won by Mark Messmer. : Won by Derek Schmidt. : Won by Bob Onder. : Won by Troy Downing. : Won by Mark Harris. : Won by Pat Harrigan. : Won by Julie Fedorchak. : Won by David Taylor. : Won by Sheri Biggs. : Won by Craig Goldman. : Won by Brandon Gill. : Won by Mike Kennedy. : Won by John McGuire. : Won by Michael Baumgartner. : Won by Riley Moore. : Won by Tony Wied, who also won the district's special election.
Crossover seats This is a list of congressional seats that voted for one party in the 2020 presidential election and another in the 2022 House elections.
Democratic This lists the districts in which Donald Trump won in 2020 that were represented by Democrats: