Miridae

The Miridae are a large and diverse insect family at one time known by the taxonomic synonym Capsidae.Henry, T. J. and A. G. Wheeler, Jr., 1988A. Family Miridae Hahn, 1833 (= Capsidae Burmeister, 1835). The plant bugs, pp. 251--507. In: Henry, T. J. and R. C. Froeschner (eds.), Catalog of the Heteroptera, or True Bugs of Canada and the Continental United States. E. J. Brill, Leiden. Species in the family may be referred to as capsid bugs or "mirid bugs". Common names include plant bugs, leaf bugs, and grass bugs. It is the largest family of true bugs (suborder Heteroptera); it includes over 10,000 known species, and new ones are being described constantly. Most widely known mirids are species that are notorious agricultural pests that pierce plant tissues, feed on the sap, and sometimes transmit viral plant diseases. Some species however, are predatory.

Description

Miridae are small, terrestrial insects, usually oval-shaped or elongate and measuring less than in length. Many of them have a hunched look, because of the shape of the prothorax, which carries the head bent down. Some are brightly coloured and attractively patterned, others drab or dark, most being inconspicuous. Some genera are ant mimics at certain stages of life. Miridae do not have any ocelli. Their rostrum has four segments. One useful feature in identifying members of the family is the presence of a cuneus; it is the triangular tip of the corium, the firm, sclerotized part of the forewing, the hemelytron. The cuneus is visible in nearly all Miridae, and only in a few other Hemiptera, notably the family Anthocoridae, which are not much like the Miridae in other ways. The tarsi almost always have three segments.

Some mirid species Lygus bugs (Lygus spp.), including the tarnished and western tarnished plant bugs, are serious pests in the cotton, strawberry, and alfalfa industries. Stenotus binotatus, a minor pest of cereal crops, especially wheat Apple dimpling bug (Campylomma liebknechti) damages apple blossoms and small growing fruits. Mosquito bugs Helopeltis and Afropeltis spp. – that infest various crops including tea, cacao and cotton Honeylocust plant bug (Diaphnocoris chlorionis) damages foliage on honeylocust trees.

Green mirid (Creontiades dilutus) damages many types of field crops. Potato capsid (Closterotomus norwegicus) is a noted pest of potato and clover plants in New Zealand. Deraeocoris nebulosus prefers other insects to plants in its diet, and has been used as a biocontrol agent against mites and scale insects. Dicyphus hesperus sucks sap from various plants and preys on whitefly and red spider mites and can be used in biological pest control.

Systematics This family includes a large number of species, many of which are still unknown, distributed in more than 1,300 genera. The taxonomic tree includes the following subfamilies and numerous tribes: Bryocorinae Bryocorini Dicyphini Eccritotarsini Cylapinae Cylapini Fulviini Deraeocorinae Clivinematini Deraeocorini Hyaliodini Saturniomirini Surinamellini Termatophylini Isometopinae Diphlebini Isometopini Mirinae Herdoniini Hyalopeplini Mirini Pithanini Restheniini Stenodemini

Orthotylinae Ceratocapsini Halticini Orthotylini Phylinae Hallodapini Leucophoropterini Phylini Pilophorini

Psallopinae Auth.: Schuh, 1976; includes: Isometopsallops Herczek & Popov, 1992 Psallops Usinger, 1946 † Extinct genera

Genera Incertae sedis BioLib includes:

Amulacoris Carvalho & China, 1959 Anniessa Kirkaldy, 1903 Auchus Distant, 1893 Bahiarmiris Carvalho, 1977 Brasiliocarnus Kerzhner & Schuh, 1995 Carmelinus Carvalho & Gomes, 1972 Carmelus Drake & Harris, 1932 Chaetophylidea Knight, 1968 Charitides Kerzhner, 1962 Colimacoris Schaffner & Carvalho, 1985 Cylapocerus Carvalho & Fontes, 1968 Dimorphocoris Reuter, 1890 Duckecylapus Carvalho, 1982 Englemania Carvalho, 1985 Eurycipitia Reuter, 1905 Faliscomiris Kerzhner & Schuh, 1998 Fuscus Distant, 1884 Guerrerocoris Carvalho & China, 1959 Gunhadya - monotypic Gunhadya rubrofasciata Distant, 1920 Heterocoris Guérin-Ménéville in Sagra, 1857 Knightocoris Carvalho & China, 1951 Leonomiris Kerzhner & Schuh, 1998 Macrotyloides Van Duzee, 1916 Merinocapsus Knight, 1968 Mircarvalhoia Kerzhner & Schuh, 1998 Montagneria Akingbohungbe, 1978 Muirmiris Carvalho, 1983 Myochroocoris Reuter, 1909 Nesosylphas Kirkaldy, 1908 Notolobus Reuter, 1908 Nymannus Distant, 1904 Paracoriscus Kerzhner & Schuh, 1998 Paraguayna Carvalho, 1986 Prodomopsis TBD Prodomus TBD Pseudobryocoris Distant, 1884 Pygophorisca Carvalho & Wallerstein, 1978 Rayeria TBD Rewafulvia Carvalho, 1972 Rhynacloa Reuter Rondonisca Carvalho & Costa, 1994 Rondonoides Carvalho & Costa, 1994 Rondonotylus Carvalho & Costa, 1994 Spanogonicus Berg Sthenaridia TBD Zoilus Distant, 1884

References

Miridae

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