Rosenkilde is a Dutch surname. Notable people with the surname include:
Christen Niemann Rosenkilde (1786–1861), Danish actor and writer Franciska Rosenkilde (born 1976), Danish geographer and politician Julie Sødring (born Julie Rosenkilde; 1823–1894), Danish actor and autobiographer Peder Valentin Rosenkilde (1772–1836), Norwegian merchant and politician