According to the Kakawin Nagarakretagama canto XIII and XIV, the following areas are recognized as conquered or subordinate to Majapahit (referred to as mañcanagara). The conquered states in Java were not mentioned because they were still considered part of the royal "mandala".
The names below are based on manuscript sources, both from Majapahit and Malay manuscripts as well as Chinese sources, but little physical evidence remains of an area's recognition of state power.
Included were the kingdoms of Sunda and Madura, because Majapahit claimed the whole of Java.ISBN 978-979-709-433-1 Sunda kingdom became a nominal vassal of Majapahit after the battle of Bubat of 1357, although it can be denied that the discovery of the Horren inscription resulted in a counterattack.
Nagakretagama transcription Canto 6 Stanza 4
3.
4.
Canto 42 Stanza 2
4.
Canto 13 Stanza 1
Stanza 2
Canto 14 Stanza 1
Stanza 2
Stanza 3
Stanza 4
Stanza 5
In this list also given the modern name of a place if it has been agreed by historians.
Interpretation Sumatra Sumatra is referred to in Negarakretagama as "Malayu" +NameInterpretationJambiJambiPalembangPalembangKaritang1. Keritang Kingdom (now Keritang District, Keritang, Indragiri Hilir) 2. Karitang, South Indragiri
3. Karitang in the south of Jambi3Teba1. Muaro Tebo, Jambi 2. Headwaters of Jambi2
3. Tebo in the south of Dharmasraya3Dharmashraya1. Darmasraya Kingdom 2. The island of Punjung, Siguntur, upstream of the Batanghari river2
3. Dharmasraya in the west of Jambi3Kandis1. Kandis Kingdom 2. Kandis, a tributary of the Kwantan, near Koto Tua2
3. Kandi, vassal area of Lubuk Jantan, on the Sinamar river2
4. Kandis north of Dharmasraya3Kahwas1. Kahwas 2. Kawai, between Kandi and Tanjung1
3. Kawas in the west of Minangkabau2ManangkabwaMinangkabau, pre-Pagaruyung period societySiyakSiak Regency, the pre-sultanate community of SiakRekanRokan (Rokan Hilir-Rokan Hulu)KamparKamparPane1. Panai 2. Pane3Kampe1. Kampai Island, now an island in Langkat Regency 2. Kompe1
3. Kampei, one of 4 tribes in Petapahan on the Tapung Kiri river upstream of Siak: Peliang, Ceniaga, Kampai, and Domo/Muara Takus2
4. Kampe3Haru1. (H)aru Kingdom, centered in Deli Tua, Deli Serdang Regency now 2. Haru area around Kalue in Aceh1
3. Aru, the east coast of Sumatra2
4. Haru, the area north of the Asahan river3Mandahiling1. Mandailing 2. Mandahiling3TumihangAceh TamiangParlak1. Peureulak 2. Parllah1
3. Perlak2
4. Parllak3Barat1. Darat1 2. Aceh's west coast2
3. Barat3Lwas1. Padang Lawas 2. Lawas1
3. Padang Lawas or Gayu Luas2Samudra1. Sultanate of Samudera Pasai 2. Samudra near Lhokseumawe, Aceh123Lamuri1. Lambri (Lamuri) Kingdom, the center is now a village in Aceh Besar District 2. Lamuri in Aceh Besar123Batan1. Bintan Island 2. Batam2LampungLampung123BarusBarus, Central Tapanuli (or Pancur, sub-district in present-day Central Tapanuli Regency)123Notes: 1 See Atlas van Tropisch Nederland, 1938: 10b 2 See 3 See
Borneo Borneo is referred to as "Nusa Tanjung Nagara" and/or "Tanjungpuri" +NameInterpretationKapuhas1. Kapuas Regency, Central Kalimantan 2. Kapuas area east of the Landak in West Kalimantan1
3. Kapuas area in Kapuas district in Central Kalimantan3Katingan1. Katingan Regency, Central Kalimantan 2. Katingan, Mendawei river, in Sampit2SampitSampit (now the capital city of East Kotawaringin Regency)Kutalingga1. Kuta Lingga (means city of phallus, site of Candi Laras?/Negara Dipa Kingdom) 2. Kutalingga the area around the Sarawak peninsula1
3. Lingga, where the Lingga and Batang Lumpur rivers meet, Sarawak.2KutawaringinKuta Waringin (means banyan city, pre-Kotawaringin Kingdom society, now West Kotawaringin Regency)SambasSambas (Old Sambas Kingdom, now Sambas Regency)Lawai1. Lawai (Kapuas River in West Kalimantan) 2. Muara Labai, muara in the river of Labai2
3. Muara Labai in Central Kalimantan3Kadhangdhangan1. Kadandangan (now Kendawangan sub-district, Ketapang) 2. Kedangdangan1
3. Kadangdangan3LandaLandak Kingdom, now Landak DistrictSamedhang1. Samadang (Semandang, the area of Tanjungpura Kingdom) 2. Samedang in Simpang3Tirem1. Tirem (Tirun/Tidung Kingdom, now Tarakan city?) 2. Tirem1
3. Paniraman on the Kapuas Kecil river2
4. Tidung2Sedu1. Sedu (in Sarawak) 2. Sadong in Sarawak or Sedua in Langgau or Siduh in Matan12BurunengBarune (now the country of Brunei)Kalka1. Sungai Kaluka or Krian in the south of Sarawak 2. Kalka, one of the 5 provinces outside Brunei according to the Salsilah Raja Brunei: Kalakah, Seribas, Sadong, Semerahan and Sarawak12
3. Kalakah, the city of Calaca was a major trading port south of the capital (Brunei) and the center of the country of Sedang2Saludhung1. Saludung1 2. Teluk Maludu2
3. Sadong2
4. Maludu3Solot1. Solok or Sulu123PasirPasir (pre-Sultanate of Pasir, now Paser Regency)Baritw1. Barito (now North Barito Regency) 2. Baritu123Sawaku1. Sawaku (or Sawakung in Berau or Pulau Sebuku sub-district, Kotabaru) 2. Sebuku Island12Tabalung1. Tabalung (now Tabalong Regency with its city Tanjungpuri on the banks of the Tabalong river, the first capital of the Banjar sultanate in the Hindu era) 2. Tabalong in Amuntai2Tunjung Kute1. Tanjung Kutei (Kutai Kartanegara Sultanate whose capital city is Kutai Lama) 2. Kutai2Malano1. Malano ("in Nusa Tanjungpura", the Melanau people of Sarawak and West Kalimantan) 2. Milanau2
3. Balinean, east of the mouth of the Rejang river in Sarawak or Malanau in northwest Kalimantan2
4. Milano east of the Rejang river in Sarawak, Balineo3Notes: 1 See Atlas van Tropisch Nederland, 1938: 10b 2 See 3 See
Malayan peninsula In Nagarakretagama it is called "Hujung Medini", which refers to the Malay Peninsula (according to M. Yamin) or Johor (according to Pigeaud). +NameInterpretationPahang1. Pahang, state of Pahang, Malaysia 2. Malaya2Hujung Medini1. Johor2 2. Malay Peninsula3Lengkasuka1. Langkasuka 2. On the Lengkawi islands across from Kedah2
3. Langkasuka-Patani2Saimwang1. Semang people's country2 2. Semong in Negeri Sembilan2
3. Sai, Saiburi2KalantenKelantanTringganoTerengganuNasor1. Nisor north of Sai, Patani2 2. Nasor3PakaPaka, now a town in Dungun, TerengganuMuar1. Muar, now the district in Johor 2. Muar, Peken Muar2Dhungun1. Dungun, now a district and a major town in Terengganu 2. Tanjung Utara in KemamanTumasikTumasik, now the country of SingapuraSanghyang Hujung1. Ujung Salang (junkceylon) in Phuket2 2. Sening Ujung, between Malacca and Selangor2KelangKlang, (Selangor)Kedha1. Kedah 2. Kataha1
3. Keda3Jere1. Jerai 2. Jerai, Kedah mountains2
3. Jering near Patani2
4. Jere3Kanjap1. Kanjab in the Riau-Lingga islands2 2. Kanjap3NiranKarimun, Karimun Besar Island/NuwiNotes: 1 See Atlas van Tropisch Nederland, 1938: 10b 2 See 3 See
Regions in the east of Java +NameInterpretationBaliBaliBadahuluBedahulu KingdomLwagajah1. Lo Gajah 2. Lwa-gajah in Bangli2GurunNusa Penida3SukunSukun on the island of Nusa PenidaTaliwangTaliwang (in Sumbawa Island)123Dompo1. Dompo (Dompu Kingdom) 2. Dompo in Sumbawa1Sapi1. Sapi Island 2. Sapi in Sumbawa2Sanghyang Api1. Sang Hyang Api (Pulau Sangeang) 2. Gunung Api or Sangeang12BhimaBima Island12SheranSeram Island12Hutan KadaliHutan Kendali (Buru Island)12Gurun1. Gurun Island 2. Gorong Islands12
3. Eucalyptus forest: Buru and Sula Islands2Lombok Mirah1. Lombok Merah 2. Lombok Barat2
3. Lombok3Saksak1. Sasak (said to be "completely ruled") 2. Saksak, East Lombok1
3. Lombok Valley2Bantayan1. Bantayan (Bantaeng ?) 2. Bantayan13
3. Bontain2LuwukLuwu (Luwu Kingdom)Uda Makatraya1. Udamakatraya and other islands 2. Uda: Talaud Islands, Uda makatraya: the three main islands of the Talaud archipelago2
3. Davao in Mindanao, Filipina3MakhasarMakassarButunButonBanggawiBanggawi Island (Banggai Islands)Kunir1. Kunir Island1 2. Kunyit Island, south of Laut IslandGaliyau1. Galian 2. Galiyao3
3. Kangean or Lomblem23Salaya1. Salayar (Selayar Island) 2. Saleier1SumbaSumba IslandSolot1. Solor Island 2. Solot1Muar1. Muar12 2. Muar, Kei Islands; or Honimoa, Saparua2Wandan1. Banda Islands 2. Wandan1AmbwanAmbon or Maluku IslandMalokoTernate city or Maluku islandsWwanin1. Wanin, Onin Peninsula part of Bomberai Peninsula, in Fakfak 2. Kwanin1
3. Onin, West Papua, MacCleur bay (now Berau bay)2Seran1. Kowiai or Sran in Kaimana2 2. Marege in northern Australia3TimurTimor and several other islandsNotes: 1 See Atlas van Tropisch Nederland, 1938: 10b 2 See 3 See
Overseas region Foreign or overseas territories are mentioned in Nagarakretagama canto 15 stanza 1. In addition, in canto 83 stanza 4 and 93 stanza 1 are mentioned the places that became the origin of merchants and scholars. +NameInterpretationRelationSyangkaSiam1Kachaya (protectorate)AyodyapuraAyutthaya1Kachaya (protectorate)DharmmanagariDharmarajanagara: Ligor, Lakkan1Kachaya (protectorate)Marutma1. Martaban1 2. Mergui1Kachaya (protectorate)Rajapura1Rajpuri in the south of Siam1Kachaya (protectorate)Singhanagari1Singhapuri on the branch of the river Menam, Singhapura, that was mentioned in the Cham inscription1Kachaya (protectorate)CampaChampa1Kachaya (protectorate)KambojaCambodia1Kachaya (protectorate)Yawana1. Annam1 2. Arab2Mitreka satata (permanent ally/equal friend)JambudwipaIndiaSumiwi (subserve)CinaChinaSumiwi (subserve)KarnatakaSouth IndiaSumiwi (subserve)GodaGauḍa or Gaur3, in East India1Sumiwi (subserve)Notes: 1 See 2 See 3 See According to Irawan Djoko Nugroho, the area in the table above from Syangka to Cambodia is called Desantara. Its etymological meaning is "all directions, all space, other regions, other countries". The relationship between Majapahit and Desantara is called kachaya, which means "to be exposed to light". It is interpreted as protected or sheltered. The term "protected area" in the modern state system is referred to as a protectorate.
What is different is Yawana, as mentioned anyat i yawana mitreka satata (different is Yawana who is a permanent ally). Kern and Pigeaud consider Yawana to be Annam, but they noted that Yawana is the Sanskrit term for Greek (Ionian), which the Indians used to refer to barbarians. Kern notes that the Indians referred to Muslims as Yawana. According to Pigeaud, it is somewhat improbable that Yawana refers to the Muslim. He considered Yawana to be Annam, because at that time the kings of Annam were very powerful and it was very strange to ask Java for protection. Nugroho rejected this opinion, because Nagarakretagama was created in 1365, and Champa's power surpassed Annam (which at that time referred to Dai Viet). Majapahit who defeated the Mongols could not have a weak permanent ally. In addition, Annam in Old Javanese language has its own name, namely Koci (now called Cochinchina to distinguish it from Kochi in India). Koci comes from the Chinese Jiāozhǐ, in Cantonese Kawci, and is called Giao Chỉ in Vietnamese. Therefore, Yawana is more accurately interpreted as Arabs.Reid, Anthony. Southeast Asia in the Age of Commerce. Vol 2: Expansion and Crisis. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1993. p211n.
According to Nugroho, the regions of Jambudwipa, China, Karnataka, and Goda are collectively called Dwipantara. This area is said to have received the favor of the king, so it is natural for them to pay tribute. The kindness done by Majapahit to Dwipantara has a background from Java's war with the Mongols. The Mongols tried to control Asian sea trade, and Java (Singhasari at that time) responded with a blockade of Southeast Asian trade against the Mongols. The Dwipantara area came to face Majapahit led by their priests. In canto 93.1 the priests compose a hymn of praise to the Maharaja of Majapahit. The relationship between Dwipantara to Majapahit is sumiwi (serving). Ambassadors from India and China came with merchants and played a role in stabilizing political and economic relations.
According to other accounts
Jayanegara II inscription