Tarki (, ; ) formerly also spelled Tarkou and also known as Tarku, is an urban locality (an urban-type settlement) under the administrative jurisdiction of Sovetsky City District of the City of Makhachkala in the Republic of Dagestan, Russia, located on the Tarki-tau () mountain. As of the 2010 Census, its population was 15,356.
History
Tarki had been the capital of Kumyk historical states before they were abolished by Russia.Советская историческая энциклопедия. — М.: Советская энциклопедия . Под ред. Е. М. Жукова. 1973—1982.Лит.: Лавров Л. И., Тарки до XVIII в., "Уч. зап. ин-та истории, языка и литературы им. Г. Цадасы", т. 4, История, Махачкала, 1958.
According to some scholars, Tarki sits on the site of Samandar, the capital of Khazaria until the early 8th century.С.Т.Еремян. Моисей Каланкатуйский о посольстве албанского князя Вараз Трдата к хазарскому хакану Алп-Илитверу. "Записки Института Востоковедения АН СССР", т. VII, М.-Л, 1939.Лавров Л.И. Ученые записки Института истории, языка и литературы ДФ АН СССР", т. 4. 1958 In 1396, Timur passed through Tarki during the Tokhtamysh–Timur war. In the Middle Ages the Shamkhalate state is formed, lately becoming Shamkhalate of Tarki. Tarki had been the capital of the Kumyk state at least from the 16th century.С. Белокуров. Отношения России с Кавказом. 1. М., 1888. С. 58-60 This state was not abolished until 1867.
Tarki is mentioned by Armenian chronicles of the 7-8th century,К.Патканов. из нового списка географии, прописываемой Моисею Хоренскому. "Журнал Министерства народного просвещения", 18 март, стр. 118История халифов Вардапета Гевонда, писателоя VII века. СПб., 1862. С. 28. by Giovanni Carpini in the Catalan Atlas of 1375, and by Timurid historians.
The shamkhals submitted to Russian authority more than once, first in the early 17th century. In 1668, the town was sacked by Cossacks under Stepan Razin.
The shamkhals were again obliged to submit to Russian suzerainty during Peter the Great's 1722 Persian Expedition and during Catherine the Great's 1796 Persian Expedition.
Tarki finally came under Russian control under the terms of the Treaty of Gulistan in 1813. Eight years later, the Russians built Burnaya Fortress there, which was succeeded by Fort-Petrovsk (on the grounds of original Kumyk town called Andzhi-kala (or Anji),БСЭ (Большая Советская Энциклопедия); статьи на (МА). — М. под ред. Прохорова А. М. 1969—1978Конституция Республики Дагестан: научно-практический и историко-правовой комментарий, Arslan Magomedsoltanovich Khalilov, Yakub Bakhmudovich Gamzatov, Дагестанский гос. ун-т, 2002 - 460, page 445 now known as Makhachkala.М. И. Артамонов. Очерки древнейшей истории хазар. Л. 1936. С. 97.
Deportation
On 12 April 1944, the Kumyks of Tarki and adjacent villages of Kyakhulay and Alborukent were rounded up and deported from their homes on the orders of the Dagestan communist authorities. They were forcibly relocated to land belonging to neighboring Chechen, Karachay, Balkar and Crimean Tatar populations, who had themselves also been forcibly deported to Central Asia two months prior, on Stalin's orders. The rationale given for the deportation of the Kumyks was that the authorities hoped to use the area to support the agricultural needs of the highland peoples who had resettled in Tarki. As a result of this exodus, the local Kumyk population lost for years their traditional capital of Tarki, which led to the destruction of some of their cultural inheritance.
The deportation of the Kumyks is still not acknowledged by the Russian government, and has become a subject of greater contention in recent years. In an attempt to settle an unrelated land dispute between local Chechen and Lak communities, the Dagestan government announced in 2017 that it had built 3,000 houses for the Laks, on land which formerly belonged to Kumyks in Tarki. This led to a protest camp being established by the Kumyk community, in an attempt to finally secure restitution for their deportation in 1944, and prevent this land from being given to a different community without their consent.
Administrative and municipal status Urban-type settlement status was granted to Tarki in 1958.
Within the framework of administrative divisions, the urban-type settlement of Tarki is in jurisdiction of Sovetsky City District of the City of Makhachkala. Within the framework of municipal divisions, Tarki is a part of Makhachkala Urban Okrug.Law #6
See also Shamkhalate of Tarki
References Citations
Bibliography
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